Introduction Nature of natural resources when learnt in this unit will expose what natural resources are and specifically give their types, classification and numerous examples of natural resources. The numerous types of natural resources are grouped under four headings which are water resources, sun energy resources, land resources, rock and mineral resources, and the atmospheric resources. This unit therefore, defines, explains and considers the dimension of all these natural resources. 2.0...
A law is generally defined as a way of regulating human behaviour. For the purpose of law, the environment is defined along the terms of its physical components including air, water, space, land, plants and wildlife. Environmental law/legislation is that law or legislation which relates primarily to the protection of the whole or part of the physical components of the environment (Bell. 1997). However, laws which relate primarily to the public health or particular groups of individuals such a...
The term “environment” according to Alan Gilpin (1976) in his book entitled “Dictionary of Environmental Terms” is the region, surroundings or circumstances in which anything exists; everything external to the organisms. The environment or an organism according to him includes: i. The purely physical or abiotic milieu in which it exists, e.g. geographical location, climatic conditions, and terrain. ii. The organic or biotic milieu including non-living organic matter and all other orga...
Science and technology have always played an important part in man's existence from time immemorial. Even though our ancestors may not had called their knowledge and skill by these names, when they made such decisions as choosing the best seasons to plant their yams, cassava and potatoes, they took into account the seasons, the weathers, the amount of water available, the fertility of the soil, and other factors. This was simple science. When they dug the soil with a pointed stick or built pa...
Ecology is the science that attempts to answer such questions about how nature works. The term ecology was coined from two Greek words: Oikos meaning "house" or "place to live" and Logos, meaning, "study of'. The coining of the term was done in 1869 by a German biologist Ernst Haeckel. Ecology is the study of living things in their home or environment: all the external conditions and factors, living and nonliving that affect an organism (Figure 1.1). In the words of Miller (1991) ecology is t...
Environment is the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded Or the complex of climatic, edaphic (soil-based), and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecologic community. Human environment includes what man occupies now including land and water forms. It is broken into six systems- climate, hydrological, edaphic, plant, animal and saprophyte. Man is included in animal system Public Health Definition of the Environment - all that which is external to the indiv...
Health assessment is an essential nursing function which provides foundation for quality nursing care and intervention. It helps to identify the strengths of the clients in promoting health. Health assessment also helps to identify client’s needs, clinical problems or nursing diagnoses and to evaluate responses of the person to health problems and intervention. An accurate and thorough health assessment reflects the knowledge and skills of a professional nurse. The focus of nursing care is ...
A problem being experienced in probably the majority of countries across the world is that the public health function is still not receiving firm enough support at political level. 12 Even where that commitment appears to exist, and there are signs of a new-found commitment to public health, under-resourcing of the public health infrastructure and capacity prevents public health from playing the strong role advocated for it. As a consequence, the levels of health achieved by populations are s...
This unit will explain sources of health care financing and the policies guiding resource allocation. It will also describe various sources of health care financing and the health expenditure patterns. Health systems are responsible for not only improving the health of individuals, but also protecting them against the financial costs of disease and morbidity. One of the challenges faced by governments is to reduce the burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare payments for their people by provi...
The environment is defined as the complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors (as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its formand survival. The World Health Organization in 2005, defined health as; “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Environmental Health is an interdisciplinary academic field, an area of research, and an arena of ap...
Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. According to Harold Koontz, ―Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-...
Tutor-Marked Assignment (TMA) There are Tutor-Marked Assignments in each of the unit of this course. You are advised in your own interest to attempt and go through all the assignments at your own pleasure. You will be able to complete the assignments from the information and materials contained in your reading and study units. Those to be submitted for evaluation will be communicated to you through the Study Centre. There is other self activity contained in the instructional material to facil...
Nature study was a programme designed to provide knowledge in various fields of science but in reality, the content was majorly biological sciences and that of materials. This was largely because the specialists handling nature study in schools were biology teachers, who had little or no knowledge of both the chemical and physical sciences. In Africa and other parts of the world like Europe and America, Nature study was referred to as General Science, Rural Science or Hygiene based on the cou...
Introduction This unit attempts to explain behaviour, its complexity and how this behaviour is determined. The role of heredity and environment in forming and shaping behaviour. Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors, as well as our thoughts and feelings, are produced by the actions of our brains, nerves, muscles, and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being, including the most remarkable ...