ABSTRACT
This project was Carrie lent using sub-bituminous coal and crude palm oil. The degree of bleaching of the palm oil was monitored with a spectorphoto meter. The coal was collected in a lump from the mine. It air-chiecl to removed the moisture content and thereafter, size reduced to a small particle size foe effective activation.
The activation process was carried out in a fume cup board and phosphoric acid was used as an activated agent.
In the treatment of palm oil, sodium hydro rude was used for the neutralization and rude acid for the deodorization of palm oil. Some experiment were also conducted to test for the iodine value, specification value, peroxide value, acidity value, melting point, free fatly acid value, and viscosity of palm oil.
After the preliminary treatment, the colour of palm oil was tested with a spectrophomenter to determined the initial colour of the palm oil. 100ml of these palm oil was measured into a beaker,10g of coal activated carbon with the particle size of 0.185mm was added to the beaker and heated at a temperature of 1000c for 40minute.
The oil was allow to cooled, thereafter it was filtered with a filter paper to collect the filtrate. The colour of the bleached oli tested to determined the degree of beaching.
The same experiment was repeated with the same weight of coal activated carbon at two difference temperature of 1500c and 2000c the result obtained was recorded and the colour reduction was, at 1000c, colour reduction was 57%, at 1500c, the % colour reduction was 75%,at 2000c, the % colour reduction was 81%.
The same experiment was also conduction with 10g each of 0.45 particle size of activated carbon for three difference temperature of 1000c, 1500c and 2000c at a constant time of 40 minute each.
The result obtained was recorded and colour reduction for each experiment was, at 1000c, % colour reduction was 52%, at 1500,% colour reduction was 69%, at 2000c,% colour reduction 70%. It was observed that the smallest particle size of coal activated carbon has a higher percentage of colour reduction. Also it was noticed that, as the temperature of heating increases, colour reduction also increase.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Preliminary
Letter of Transmittal
Approval Page
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 Scope/Objective of The Project
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Theory of Adsorption
2.12 Type of Adsorption
2.13 Equilibrium Relations of Adsorption
(A) Langmuir Isotherm Theory
(B) Brunur-Emmett-Teller Theory
(C) Freunlich Isotherm
2.2 Plam Oil
2.22 Composition of Palm Oil
2.23 Properties of Palm Oil
2.24 Uses of Palm Oil
2.31 History of Coal in Nigeria
2.32 Coal Formation
2.33 Classification of Coal
2.34 Properties of Coal
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Activation of Coal
3.12 Experimental Method of Coal Activation
3.13 Test For Porosity & Density
3.20 Preliminary Treatment of Palm Oil
2.23 Characterization of Palm Oil
3.3 Method of Adsorption
3.4 Experiment Result
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Analysis of Result
4.1 Analysis of Coal Activated Carbon
4.2 Analysis of Palm Oil
4.3 Analysis of Colour Reduction
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Reference.