Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in the Population Study of Achara Layout Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This project is an attempt to study population distribution in Achara Layout Enugu, in Enugu State through integration of Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The Remote sensing data used in this study included high spatial resolution Quick Bird imagery. Questionnaires were given out for use in generating the desired product in an interactive GIS environment. Field site capturing was based on basic survey principle, technique and instruction. Field work was done to determine the type of building appearing in the satellite imagery and the no of rooms estimated, thus a standard family size gotten. After estimating the population size of Achara Layout, the result was compared to the population data gotten from National Population Commission for Achara Layout Enugu state which was divided into two as it comprised of data for Achara Layout and Idaw River Layout Enugu as directed by National Population Commission Enugu. The methodology involved carrying out a user needs assessment, collection of map from Enugu State Town Planning Department of Ministry of Land, collection of Population census data from National Population Commission, rigorous field work, data processing, comparison of results and presentation of results. The average difference between the population recorded in the 2006 then projected to 2015, and that estimated from Quick Bird images for Achara Layout Enugu, is found to be equal to 1.61%. Results from Arc GIS were presented in form of map while results from Microsoft Excel environment were presented in form of table.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page..…………………………………………………………………….i

Title page ….…………………………………………………………………..ii

Certification……….…………….………………………………...….……....iii

Approval…..………………….…………………………………………….…iv

Dedication …….………………………………………………………………v

Acknowledgements ..………………………………………………………....vi

Abstract ….…………………………………………………………………..vii

Table of Contents …………………………………………………….……..viii

List of Tables ………………………………………………………………..xi

List of Figures …………………………………………………….….……...xii

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….……......1

1.0 Introduction………………………...…………………….………….…….1

1.1 Background of study…………………………….………….….…….……1

1.2 Statement of problem……………..………………….……….……….…..2

1.3 Aim………………….. …..…………………………..………..……….….3

1.4 Objectives…………………………………………………….…….……..3

1.5 Scope of work ……………………………………………..……….……...3

1.6 Study Area…………………………...…………………...……….……….4

1.7 Benefits And Contribution…………………………………..…..………...5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW……………..……………….6

2.1 Description of Geographic information system……………………...….………...7

2.2 Population studies using Remote sensing and GIS...…………..……...……..8

2.2.1 Background……………………………..……...….…………..……......8

2.2.2 Population density model from urban Geography…..……….…….........9

2.3 Population Estimation methods…………………………………………...9

2.3.1 Area interpolation methods…………………...………………….….....10

2.3.2 Point Based Methods……………………………………...…………...11

2.3.3 Area based method………………………………...………………......13

2.3.4 Statisitcal Modelling method…………………………………………..19

2.4 Summary…….………………….……………...………………...............26

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Flow Chart………………………………….…………….……….….....29

3.2 Project Planning.........................................................................................30

3.3 Data Acquisition………………..................................................................30

3.4 Tools and components used…………………………………..…...........32

3.5 Data Sources………………………………………......………….……..33

3.6 Data Processing…………….....………………………..…………..……34

3.6.1 Scanning ……………………………………..…………..………....34

3.6.2 Data Georefrencing………………………………………………….....34

3.6.3Data Vectorization………………………………………………………38

3.6.4. Shape Files in Arc GIS………………..…………………………….....39

3.6.4.1Features in Shape files ……………………………...….…………......39

3.6.5 Digitizing a map………………………….………………..……....40

3.6.6Data base structure for Population census…………………...….……....41

3.6.6.1Conceptual Design ………………….....………………………..........42

3.6.6.2Entity Relationship Model……………………………….…………...43

3.6.6.3Logical Design……………………………………………..……..…..44

3.6.6.4Physical Database Design…………………….…………………..…..45

3.7 User Requirement……………………………………….…...............47

3.7.1 Database Design for Achara Layout…………………….....………….47

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Results……………………….……….…………………………..…......49

4.1.1 Analyses…………………….………….…………..…………….……49

4.1.2 Estimation of population data per household through satellite image....49

4.1.3 Estimation of population study by Block Parcel……………….……...51

4.1.4 Population Density………………………………………………..........54

4.2 Comparative analysis of population data from National Population Commission and that gotten from Remote sensing and GIS application….....57

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion……………………………………..……………………........59

5.2 limitations of using remote sensing method for population studies….......59

5.2.1 Image Classification……………………………..………………..……60

5.2.2 3D nature of urban areas…………………………………………….…60

5.3 Recommendations………………………………….…………………….61

REFERENCES………………………………………...................................68

APPENDICES…………………………………...………….………………69