Assessment of Girl, Child Education in Rwanda Case Study Gasabo District.

ABSTRACT Rwanda has made enormous strides forward in improving access of boys and girls to education at all levels, and in promoting gender equality within the education system. There have been extensive studies on differential education opportunities among genders. King and Hill examined the barriers to women’s education in developing countries, and conclude that despite the decrease in the gender gap, girls still receive less education than boys (King and Hill, 1993). There is also discrimination and segregation in the labour market, which pushes women to select certain professions and get training for them. Yet girl students continue to lag behind in educational achievement and access, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels, where girls’ enrolment, completion and achievement rates are lower. After understanding the problem still existing in Education For All, a researcher has conducted a research to the topic of this study was to assess the Gui, child education in Rwanda with the objectives of evaluating the opportunities given to the boys’ and girlst education, identifying the factors that affects girls’ education and identifying strategies for eliminating gender disparities in education. The researcher employed a descriptive survey method. It involved both qualitative and quantitative data collection, but much the research was qualitative. Results from the findings show that the opportunities given to the girls are still low considered to the boys’ education opportunities. Concerning the factors affecting girls’ education, some of them still exist, like different games to boys and girls at school and like laughing the girls who are in menstruation period. It is recommended that, the parents and all people concern to girl’s education should equalize all children and send their boys and their girls to school. They are also asked to satisfy all the needs of girl’s education.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DECLARATION A

DECLARATION B II

APPROVAL SHEET m

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V

TABLE OF CONTENTS VI

LIST OF TABLES Ix

LIST OF FIGURES XI

ABSTRACT XIII

CHAPTER

One THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 5

Purpose of the study 6

Research Objectives 6

Research Questions 6

Identifying variables 6

Significance of Study 7

Operational Definition of Key Terms 7

Two LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction 8

Theoretical Perspectives 9

Conceptual Framework 10

Related Studies 11

Factors Affecting GirlsT Education 15

The reasons of girls and boys inequalities to education 19

Comparison of girls’ and boys’ education 21

Teachers’ behavior and the Academic Performance of Students 21

Teachers’ Professional Qualification and Academic Performance of

Students 22

Strategies for eliminating gender disparities in education 23

Peace and Reconciliation 24

Private Sector Involvement 24

The need to generate support for educational interventions 26

The need for coordination shall be established and supported.... 27

Three METHODOLOGY

Research Design 29

Population of the Study 29

Sample and Sampling Procedures 29

Sample size 30

Instrumentation and data collection 30

Data Quality Control 31

Validity of the Instruments 31

Reliability of Instruments 32

Data Analysis .34

Ethical Considerations 35

Limitations of the Study 35

Four PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Introduction 36

Boy and girl’s opportunities to education 36

Elimination of Gender Disparities 49

Five DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction 60

Discussion of the findings 60

Conclusion 63

Recommendations 64

REFEF~.ENCES ~ 67

APPENDICES ...~a.. aasuun..uuuu.ga.., u.aI.aaau.00867

Appendix 1: Transmittal Letter 73

Appendix 2: Questionnaire for Teachers, Parents, Students and for

Headmasters on Assessment of Girl, Child Education 74

Appendix 3: Computation of the CVI 78

Appendix 4: Sample size (s) required for the given population size (N) by

(Amin, 2005) 79

Appendix 5: Curriculum vitae 81