ATTITUDES TOWARDS AND CLINICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA AMONG UNDER-FIVES ATTENDING KIRYANDONGO GENERAL HOSPITAL BETWEEN JANUARY FEBRUARY 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ......................................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL................................................................................................................................................ ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................. iii

DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................. iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................................................................vii

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS ...........................................................................................................viii

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 2

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Background of the Study .............................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Statement of the problem.................................................................................................................. 3

1.3 Objectives of the study ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.3.1 Main objective ............................................................................................................................. 3

1.3.2 Specific objectives....................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Research questions............................................................................................................................. 3

1.5. Justification of the Study ................................................................................................................... 4

1.5 Conceptual Framework....................................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 6

LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................................................... 6

2.0 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1. Incidence of Pneumonia among the under-fives............................................................................... 6

2.2 Clinical factors Associated with Community-Acquired Pneumonia among the Under-Fives............. 7

2.3. Incidence, Morbidity and Mortality of Community-Acquired Pneumonia coexisting with HIV/AIDS .................................................. 10

CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................. 11

METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Research Design .................................................................................................................................. 11

3.3 Study area............................................................................................................................................ 11

3.4 Study population................................................................................................................................. 11

3.6 Criteria for selection of sample.......................................................................................................... 11

3.6.1 Inclusion criteria.............................................................................................................................. 11

3.6.2 Exclusion criteria ............................................................................................................................. 12

3.7 Sampling size determination.............................................................................................................. 12

3.8 Data collection method ....................................................................................................................... 12

3.9 Quality control .................................................................................................................................... 12

3.10 Data Processing and Analysis.......................................................................................................... 13

3.10.1 Data presentation........................................................................................................................... 13

3.11 Ethical considerations....................................................................................................................... 13

3.12 Anticipated study limitations and delimitations ............................................................................ 13

3.13 Dissemination of Results .................................................................................................................. 14

CHAPTER FOUR:................................................................................................................................... 15

RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................. 15

4.1 Demographic characteristics ......................................................................................................... 15

4.2 Clinical factors of Pneumonia.................................................................................................. 19

4.3 Care givers attitudes towards pneumonia........................................................................................ 21

CHPATER FIVE:..................................................................................................................................... 23

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 23

5.0 Discussion of results........................................................................................................................ 23

5.1 Prevalence of Pneumonia ............................................................................................................... 23

5.2. Predisposing Factors of Pneumonia............................................................................................. 23

5.2.1 Nutritional risk factors............................................................................................................ 23

5.2.2 Clinical risk factors.................................................................................................................. 23

5.3 Care givers attitudes towards pneumonia among under fives.................................................... 24

5.4 Conclusions...................................................................................................................................... 24

APPENDIX I: REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 25

APPENDIX II: CONSENT FORM......................................................................................................... 30

APPENDIX II: QUESTIONNAIRE.................................................................................................................... 31

APPENDIX III: MAP OF STUDY AREA ............................................................................................. 37

APPENDIX IV: PROPOSED BUDGET ................................................................................................ 38

APPENDIX V: WORK PLAN................................................................................................................. 39

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children under five years. Many predisposing factors do exist and can be avoided to reduce its prevalence in our country.

Method:

I conducted a study that involved a total of 220 children aged five years and below who were accompanied by their guardians attending Kiryandongo Hospital. I used questionnaires which covered aspects that enabled the determination of the prevalence of pneumonia, Clinical factors and presence of comorbidity such as HIV infection and its association with pneumonia.

Results:

Out of the 220 children aged five years and below, 35(15.9%) had pneumonia. The study also found early weaning (11.3%), prematurity (48.2%) and failure to adhere to the immunization schedule (9.7%) to be some of the risk factors predisposing these children to pneumonia. There was a significant association between HIV infection (22.9%), malnutrition (12.7%), caretakers’ attitudes towards pneumonia involving knowledge of risk factors and preventive measures and prevalence of pneumonia among the under-fives.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of pneumonia in children aged five years and below attending Kiryandongo Hospital was 15.9%. Numerous factors were established as predisposing these children to pneumonia such as early weaning, less adherence to immunization schedule, prematurity, malnutrition and HIV infection. Avoidance of these factors as well as educating caretakers about pneumonia will drastically reduce its prevalence.