ABSTRACT
Cash management and sustainability is crucial for the long-term survival and effectiveness of all types of NGOs. The challenge is how to achieve such levels of cash management and sustainability. The study sought to examine cash management practices among NGOs in the Sunyani Municipality.The objectives of the study were; to identify cash management practices of NGOs, examine how cash management practices affect the operations of the NGOs, find out the challenges facing NGOs in cash management and suggest measures to enhance cash management practices among the NGOs. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used to gather data for the study. Data was collected for analysis through purposive sampling technique by administering fifty-four (54) questionnaires to finance managers of fifty-four (54) NGOs in the municipality. From the study, it was found that the preparation of cash budget or cash flow forecasts was practised as cash management practice among the NGOs. The study also uncovered that proper cash management practices enabled the NGOs to decide how to generate and spend financial resources. The study further posited lack of cash budgeting, lack of accountability and transparency, and poor record keeping practices, as four critical challenges facing cash management of the NGOs. Some finance officers in the NGOs identified that the use of computers to manage cash was sometimes practised as cash management activity. Therefore, the management of the NGOs should adopt the continuous culture for proper accounting information system and invest in computerized systems (technologies) for their accounting processes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DECLARATION ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
DEDICATION v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 11
Statement of the Problem 16
Objectives of the Study 17
Significance of the Study 18
Delimitation.19
Limitations 19
Definitions of Terms 20
Organization of the study 21
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction 23
Theoretical Framework 23
Financial Theory to Cash Management23
Inventory Theory to Cash Management24
Production Theory to Cash Management26
Wealth Theory to Cash Management26
Cash Planning 27
Managing Cash Flows 27
Controlling the Cash Flows 28
Optimizing the Cash Level28
Investing Idle Cash 28
Cash Management Practices of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)28
Challenges facing NGOs in Cash Management37
Capacity Limitation within Organizations 37
Accountability and Transparency 38
Founder Syndrome 38
Inadequate Strategic and Operational Plans 39
Lack of Cash Budgeting 39
Poor Cash Management Practices 40
Inadequate Networking Skills 42
Inadequate Awareness on Available Opportunities 42
Governance 43
Minimal Communication and Branding 43
Measures to Enhancing Cash Management Practices in NGOs 44
Defining Financial Governance and Components 44
Budget Preparation 45
Budget Execution and Internal Control47
Monitoring and Evaluation 48
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Sunyani Municipality 50
Chapter Summary 51
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction 52
Research Design 52
Research Approach 52
Study Area 53
Population 53
Sample and Sampling Procedures 54
Data Collection Instrument55
Data Collection Procedures 55
Data Processing and Analysis 56
Chapter Summary 56
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Introduction 57
Background Characteristics of Respondents 58
Cash Management Practices of NGOs.61
Cash Management Practices Affecting Operations of NGOs.63
Challenges Facing the NGOs in Cash Management.65
Measures to Enhancing Cash Management Practices among the NGOs 66
Discussions 67
Cash Management Practices Among the NGOs 67
Cash Management Practices Affect the Operations of the NGOs 70
Challenges Faced in the Implementation of Cash Management Practices in the NGOs 73
Measures Put in Place to Enhance Cash Management Practices of the NGOs 75
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction 77
Summary of Findings 77
Conclusions 79
Recommendations 81
Suggestion for Further Research 83
REFERENCES 84
APPENDIX A
Project, S. (2021). CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF NON -GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NGOs IN THE SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY. Afribary. Retrieved from https://track.afribary.com/works/cash-management-practices-of-non-governmental-organisations-a-case-study-of-ngos-in-the-sunyani-municipality
Project, Scopus "CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF NON -GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NGOs IN THE SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY" Afribary. Afribary, 06 May. 2021, https://track.afribary.com/works/cash-management-practices-of-non-governmental-organisations-a-case-study-of-ngos-in-the-sunyani-municipality. Accessed 25 Dec. 2024.
Project, Scopus . "CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF NON -GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NGOs IN THE SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY". Afribary, Afribary, 06 May. 2021. Web. 25 Dec. 2024. < https://track.afribary.com/works/cash-management-practices-of-non-governmental-organisations-a-case-study-of-ngos-in-the-sunyani-municipality >.
Project, Scopus . "CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF NON -GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NGOs IN THE SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY" Afribary (2021). Accessed December 25, 2024. https://track.afribary.com/works/cash-management-practices-of-non-governmental-organisations-a-case-study-of-ngos-in-the-sunyani-municipality