A Term Paper on Colloids and Recent Trends

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS                                                                                                                  PAGE

TITLE..........................................................................................................................                                                                                                                     

LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................   

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................    

CHAPTER ONE                    INTRODUCTION

1.0     History of Colloid.........................................................................................5   

1.1     Definition of Colloid......................................................................................5     

1.2     Colloid Size......................................................................................................            7    

1.3      Classification of Colloids...............................................................................             8   

1.4      Properties of Colloids.....................................................................................           12    

1.4.1   Physical Properties.......................................................................................             12       

1.4.2   Mechanical Properties........................................................................................       13 

1.4.3   Colligative properties.............................................................………………           18  

1.4.4   Optical Properties..............................................................................................       18 

1.4.5   Electrical Properties.................................................................                                 20      

CHAPTER TWO

2.0   Colloid Stability………………………………………………….                              22

2.1   Electrostatic (Charge) Stabilization.............................................                                23            

2.2   Polymeric Stabilization…………………………………………………………        25

2.3. Preparation of Colloids......................................................................................           26   

2.3.1 Dispersion Methods of Preparation........................................................................... ……. 26

2.3.2 Condensation Methods of Preparation ……………………………………………..... …..26

2.4   Purification of Colloids……………………………………………………………………30

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   Application of Colloids.........................................................................................................32

3.1   Industrial Application of Colloids........................................................................................33

3.2 Special Areas in the Application of Colloids.......................................................            36

3.2.1 Colloid Rheology........................................................................................                  36

3.2.2 Active Colloids...........................................................................................                  37

3.2.3 Effective Drug Delivery...................................................................................            40

3.3   Recent Discovery in Colloids....................................................................................... 42

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Types of solution..............................................................................................     6

Figure 1.2 Brownian motion………………………………………………………………..14

Figure 1.3 Scattering of light by (a) true and (b) colloidal solutions (Tyndall Effect)......... 19

Figure 2.1 Stable and unstable colloids.............................................................................     22

Figure 2.2Conditions for occurrence of electrostatic repulsion between two particles....... 25

Figure 2.3 Polymeric stabilization of colloids …………………………..                            26

Figure 2.4 Disintegration (Dispersion) methods for colloid preparation………………..     28

Figure 2.5 Methods of Purifying Colloids…………………………………..                       31

Figure 3.1 Cottrell’s Precipitator..........................................................................                  36

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Differences between true solutions, colloids and suspensions……………….    . 6

Table 1.2 Classes of colloids based on their interacting phases……………………….      . 9

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………….……  ……44

REFERENCES...........................................................................                  ….45