Effect of methanol extract on the histology of male wistar rats.

ABSTRACT

Infectious disease represents a major cause of death accounting for approximately one half of all deaths in tropical countries (Iwu et al., 1999). In particular, gastrointestinal disease is the most frequent cause of childhood morbidity and adult mortality in many parts of the developing world. The presence of enterobacteria in foodstuffs and water is a common cause of diarrhoea and dysentery among the infant population (Viera et al.,2001). The increase in antibiotic resistance causing these disease and in nosicomial and community acquired infections, has renewed interest for new strategies and incentives towards research on treatment, prevention and development of new drugs against these microbial disease (Iwu et al., 1999; Vieera et al., 2001). Over the years, the world health organization advocated that countries should interact with traditional Medicine practitioners with a view to identifying aspect  that provides safe and effective remedies for ailments of both microbial and non microbial orign (Akinyemi et al., 2005). Phytomedicine derived from plants have shown great promise in the treatment  of intractable infectious diseases including AIDS infectious (Iwu et al., 1999). About 80% of the rural population in Nigeria depends on it as a primary health care.This represents a potential pharmaceutical market and is an incentive for research into new drugs.Even though guira senegalences is of such medicinal value, information about its effect on histological parameters is very rare, this research will investigated the effect of leave extract of guira senegalenses on the histology of the small intestine of Wister rats.It is concluded that the  administration of methanol leaves extract of G. senegalensis to adult Wistar rats resulted in histological changes in the intestine. The observed changes included ruptured villi, enlarged goblet cells, inflammation characterized by neutrophilic elements, and alterations in the muscularis layer and muscularis mucosae. The histological changes observed in the treated groups indicate potential disruptions in intestinal health, such as damage to the epithelial lining, inflammatory response, increased mucus production, and alterations in smooth muscle tissue. These findings suggest that the methanol leaves extract of G. senegalensis may have significant impacts on the intestine, potentially leading to gastrointestinal disturbances.