EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (PMTCT) ON HUMAN I:VIMUNE VIRUS /ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV/AIDS) PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS OF NAGURU HEALTH

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study \Vas to examine the effectiveness of prevention of mother to child transmission on Human Immune Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIY/AIDS) prevalence among pregnant mothers ofNaguru Health center-Kampala District. It was guided by three objectives namely:-i) To examine the challenges associated with effective prevention of mother to child transmission among pregnant mothers of Naguru Health Center-Kampala District, ii) to examine the prevalence rate of HIY/AIDS among pregnant mothers ofNaguru Health center-Kampala District and iii) to determine the relationship between prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS and its prevalence among pregnant mothers of Naguru Health center-Kampala District. This study employed quantitative, descriptive correlational survey. It was correlational in that it describes the relationship between the effectiveness of prevention of mother to child transmission and HIY prevalence among pregnant mothers. The researcher employed self administered questionnaire to collect data on effectiveness of prevention of mother to child transmission and HIY prevalence among pregnant mothers where a four Iikert scale was i) strongly disagree, ii) disagree, iii) agree, and iv) strongly agree. The findings indicated that 70% of the respondents were 30 and above. The challenges associated with effective prevention of mother to child transmission among pregnant mothers of Naguru Health Center-Kampala District was generally often on average, only one item namely:

The language used by workers its had to understand (mean=3.76 standard deviation=.788) the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS among pregnant mothers ofNaguru Health center is generally high (overall mean=2.89 with a standard deviation of0.459) The findings also indicated a positive significant relationship between prevention of mother to child transmission and prevalence of HIY/AIDS (r=.685, sig. =0.000). From the findings and the conclusions of the study, the researcher recommends:-There is a need to encourage pregnant mothers to pills as prescribed by doctors, ii) Pregnant mothers are required to start antenatal as early as possible,iii) There is need to provide post exposure prophylaxis to children as soon as they have realized any danger, iv) There is a need to counsel pregnant mothers about stigma to protect their children v) There is a need to senstive the pregnant mothers about the dangers of HIY/AIDS, vi)There is a need to improve on the languages used in counseling pregnant mothers,vii) The youths should be provided with knowledge about HIY/A!Ds and its effects and viii)There should be enough information given on HIY/AIDS at a particular age that is to say modes of transmisison of HIY/AIDS among expectant and non expectant mothers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARAT!ON .............................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. iv

ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ vi

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... x

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ I

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... I

1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................................ I

1.2 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 3

I .3 Purpose of the study ............................................................................................................. 4

1.4 Objectives ofthe study ......................................................................................................... 4

1.4.1 General Objective ............................................................................................................. 4

1.4.1 Speci fie Objectives ................................................................................................................. 4

1.5 Research Questions .................................................................................................................... 4

1.6 Null hypothesis .................................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 5

!. 7".1. CJcogruphicct! scope ............................................................................................................... 5

1. 72 Crmfenl scope ................................................................................................................... 5

1. 7.3 777corclicul scopc ............................................................................................................. 5

1.8 Signilicance of the study ...................................................................................................... 6

vi

I . 9 Operational of Key terms ...................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................... 8

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................................................................... 8

2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Conceptual framework showing the effectiveness of prevention of mother to child

transmission and prevalence ofHIV/AID and reverse is true ......................................................... 8

2.2 Theoretical perspectives ............................................................................................................ 9

2.3 Related studies on the prevention of mother to child transmission and prevalence ofHIV/AlDS

...................................................................................................................................................... II

CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... l8

METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 18

3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 18

3.1 Research design .................................................................................................................. 18

3.2 Research Population ........................................................................................................... 18

3.3 Satnple size ........................................................................................................................ 18

3.4 Sampling strategies ............................................................................................................ I 9

3.5 Research instruments .......................................................................................................... 19

3.6 Data procedures .................................................................................................................. I 9

3. 7 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 20

3.8 Limitations of the study ...................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER FOUH ........................................................................................................................ 21

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ................ 21

-LO Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 21

vii

4.2 The challenges associated\\ ith eftective prevention of mother to child transmission among

pregnant mothers ofl\aguru Health Center-Kampala District.. ....................................................... 22

CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 27

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................... 27

5.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 27

5. I Summary of Findings ............................................................................................................... 27

5.2 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 28

5.3 Recommendations .................................................................................................................... 28

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 30

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 35

APPENDIX I: CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE ...................................................... 35

APPENDIX II: INFORMED CONSENT ....................................................................................... 37