Effects of Aluminum– Magnesium Silicate And Immune Stimulants on Antibacterial Actions of Ampicillin Trihydrate, Against Resistant Escherichia Coli Infection in Chicks

ABSTRACT 

To study effects of synergy between, an additional level of vitamin A, C and E and Selenium of chick infected with resistance Escherichia coli, a reduced dose of ampicillin trihydrate used for treatment and ampicillin trihydrate / Aluminium magnesium silicate drug formulation, on antimicrobial activities of ampicillin trihydrate used for the treatment of resistant E. coli infections. Seventy-six weeks old Harco cockerel chicks were infected with Ampicillin resistant E. coli. The chicks were randomly assigned to two main treatment groups (A and B) 6 of 35 chicks each. Two weeks prior to the experimental infection, chicks in group A were fed commercial feed fortified with vitamins A, C and E and selenium while those in group B were given non-fortified poultry feed. Each chick was orally inoculated with 1.5 x 108 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml of broth of the ampicillin-resistant E. coli strain. Five days postinfection, chicks in the two treatment groups were further assigned to sub-groups (A1 – A7 and B1 – B7 respectively) of five chicks each. Sub-groups A1- A3 and B1 – B3 were treated with ampicillin trihydrate at dose levels of 10, 7.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight respectively, while sub-groups A4 – A6 and B4 – B6 were treated with an AMS-ampicillin trihydrate at dose levels of 10, 7.5, and 5 mg/kg body weight respectively. Chicks in sub-groups A7 and B7 were not treated (control). Treatment lasted for six days in each of the treated sub-groups. Three days post treatment; all the chicks in the 14 sub-groups were sacrificed for postmortem examination and determination of E. coli isolation rates (E. coli CFU/ml of bile). One way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data generated. Significant was accepted at p < 0.05. There were no significant reductions in feed intake and body weight in all the subgroup. There was no mortality in any of the sub-groups. Moreover, no gross lesion was observed in any of the examined chicks. There was no significant reduction (P > 0.05) in the CFU/ml of bile in sub-group (B7) untreated subgroup feed unfortified feed and subgroup (A7) untreated subgroup fed fortified feed (8.24 x 105 ± 3.22 x 105 and 5.35 x 105 ± 2.78 x 105 , respectively). There was no significant reduction (P > 0.05) in the CFU/ml of bile in subgroups B1, A1 and A4 (4.12 x 105 ± 2.45 x 105 , 2.29 x 105 ± 0.90 x 105 and 1.35 x 105 ± 0.45 x 105 , respectively). In sub groups B1 and B4 (ampicillin dose level of 10 mg/kg), there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the increases in CFU/ml of bile (4.12 x 105 ± 2.45 x 105

and 4.62 x 105 ± 2.47 x 105 , respectively). There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the CFU/ml of bile in sub groups B2 and B5 at ampicillin dose levels of 7.5 mg/kg (5.49 x 105 ± 3.00 x105 and 12.4 x 105 ± 7.73 x 105 , respectively). In subgroups B3 and B6, there was a 7 significant increase (P < 0.05) in CFU/ml of bile at ampicillin dose level of 5 mg / kg (0.70 x 105 ± 0.27 x 105 and 9.16 x 105 ± 3.38 x 105 , respectively). In the subgroups A1 and A4, there was a no significant reduction (P > 0.05) in CFU/ml of bile (2.29 x 105 ± 0.90 x 105 and 1.35 x105 ± 0.45 x 105 , respectively). In subgroup A2 and A5, there was a significant difference in reduction (P < 0.05) in CFU/ml of bile (1.12 x 105 ± 0.38 x 105 and 0.35 x 105 ± 0.08 x 105 , respectively). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the CFU/ml of bile in subgroups A3 and A6 (1.98 x 105 ± 1.29 x 105 and 1.57 x 105 ± 1.04 x 105 respectively. At 7.5 mg / kg the Ampicillin trihydrate-Aluminium magnesium silicate formulatiom was able to significantly (P < 0.05) clear the resistance Escherichia coli in the bile of infected chicks placed on feed fortified with additional level of vitamin A, C and E and Selenium. It can then be concluded that to treat resistant E. coli infection in chick with ampicillin trihydrate, the chicks should be placed on feed fortified with additional level of vitamin A, C and E and Selenium. And the ampicillin trihydrate should used at 7.5 mg/kg as an Ampicillin trihydrate-Aluminum magnesium silicate formulation.