ABSTRACT
The microbiological and organic pollutants characteristics of Owena dam in Ifedore local government area of Ondo-state, Nigeria was carried out, nine water samples were collected from three different parts of the downstream side, which include; around the waste disposal site, community settlement and farm environment. The microorganisms isolated were escherichia coli, enterobacter species, staphylococcus aureus, proteus species, streptococcus species, pseudomonas species and saccharomyces species. The presence and absence of micro-organism isolated from the dam water sample with their total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) and total yeast mould count (TYMC) value at each station were; station 1, 1065cfu/ml and 72sfu/ml, Coliform, E-Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Pseudomonas specie were present, Salmonella Typhi was absent.; station 2, 755cfu/ml 53sfu/ml, Coliform, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Pseudomonas specie, Salmonella Typhi were present.; station 3, 400cfu/ml and 25sfu/ml, Coliform, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Pseudomonas specie, Salmonella Typhi were present. The bacterial isolates; Escherichia coli ranges from 6.3% to 50.0%; Enterobacter species, 10.0% to 50.0%; Staphylococcus aureus 25.0% to 37.5%; Proteus species, 30.0% to 40.0%; Streptococcus species, 15.4% to 61.5%; pseudomonas species, 12.5% to 50.0%. For the fungal isolates, saccharomyces species ranges from 7.7% to 53.8%. The physiochemical parameters checked for in the dam water sample range is as follow: PH, 6.80; temperature, 25oC to 29oC; conductivity, 35μs/cm to 60μs/cm; total hardness, 0.3mg/l to 1mg/l; total dissolved solid, 58mg/l to 70mg/l; total suspended solid, 25mg/l to 120mg/l; dissolved oxygen, 4.0mg/l to 4.9mg/l; biochemical oxygen demand, 2.1mg/l – 4.4mg/l; nitrate, 27mg/l to 28mg/l; phosphate, 0.67mg/l to 1.52mg/l; sulphate, 110mg/l to 251mg/l; calcium, 10.7mg/l to 39.0mg/l. The microbiological and nitrate results showed that the dam water is contaminated and must be treated before consumption
TABLE OF CONTENT
CERTIFICATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES viii ABSTRACT ixx
CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study 2 1.3 Justification of the study 2
CHAPTER TWO 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Eutrophication 4 2.2 Sources of surface water pollution 5 2.2.1 Point source pollution 6 2.2.2 Non-point source pollution 6 2.3 Waste water 6 2.4 Effect of domestic wastes on surface water quality. 8 2.4.1 Pollution impacts of agriculture on fresh waters 10 2.5 Safe drinking water act 11 2.6 Potable water. 11
CHAPTER THREE 13 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 13 3.1 Description of site 13 3.2 Methods of Collection of samples 13 3.3 Material and Method 14 3.4 Water Analysis 14 3.4.1 Total dissolved solids 14 3.4.2 Total hardness 15 3.4.3 Nitrates 15 3.4.4 Phosphates 15
vi 3.4.5 Sulphates 16 3.4.6 Dissolved oxygen 16 3.4.7 BOD 16 3.4.8 Temperature 17 3.4.9 PH testing procedures 17 3.5 Analysis of data 17
CHAPTER FOUR 18 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18 4.1 Results 18 4.2 Discussions 25
CHAPTER FIVE 28 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 28 5.1 Conclusion 28 5.2 Recommendations 28 REFERENCES 29
vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE 2.1 The types of waste water from households. 7 2.2 Physical, chemical and biological properties of waste water. 8 4.1 The mean counts of micro-organisms isolated from the dam water samples. 18 4.2 Micro-organisms isolated and their percentage occurrence. 19 4.3 ANOVA data of the micro-organisms isolated from the dam water samples.22 4.4 Mean values of the physiochemical parameters of the dam water samples. 22 4.5 ANOVA data of the physiochemical parameter of the dam water sample. 24
viii LIST OF FIGURES TABLE TITLE PAGE 4.1 Micro-organisms isolated 21 4.2 Micro-organisms isolated and their percentage occurrence. 21 4.3 Physiochemical Parameters 24
ix