Factors Influencing the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services Among Female Nursing Students of Reproductive Age in Kiu-Western Campus.

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Uganda. Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells originating in the cervical uteri. Cervical screening therefore is a way of preventing cancer by finding and treating early changes in the neck of the womb (cervix), these changes could lead to cervical cancer if left untreated.

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to determine the rate of utilization of cervical cancer screening services and the associated factors among female Nursing students of reproductive age (between 15-49 years) in Kampala international University, Ishaka Campus.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive, cross sectional study design with a sample size of 317 female Nursing students who pursue different programs in the school of Nursing at KIU of the age group 15-49 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data from the survey were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 20.0).

Results: The study found only 60 (18.93%) of the respondents have screened for cervical cancer while 257 (81.07%) have not screened. Among the reasons given for not screening in the past were, fear of positive result 80 (25.24%) and carelessness 62 (19.55%). Female nursing students who are above 30 years were twice (OR=2.41) more likely to utilize cervical cancer screening services as well as those who have over 3 years work experience (OR= 1.67). In terms of knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening, the results indicate that females nurses with moderate knowledge (OR= 2.44), good knowledge (OR= 2.02) and positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening uptake are more likely to utilize the services. However, of all the factors, positive attitude is the most significant factor which influences the utilization of cervical cancer screening among female nursing students.

Conclusion/recommendation: The rate of utilization of cervical screening services is very low among nurse health professionals. There is a need for sensitization of nurses and other health professionals about cervical cancer and the importance of screening during the orientation exercise of the new students and general assembly of the students.