Fiscal Decentralization and Maintenance of Roads in Hargeisa Somaliland

ABSTRACT This study was set to investigate fiscal decentralization and maintenance of roads in Hargeisa Sornaliland. The study was guided by three specific objectives; (i) to determine level of the fiscal decentralization in Hargeisa Somaliland, (ii) to determine level of the maintenance of roads in Hargeisa Sornaliland and (iii) objective three was to find out if there is significant relationship between fiscal decentralization and maintenance of roads in Hargeisa Somaliland. This study employed the descriptive survey design specifically the descriptive correlation to establish the relationship between variables, this deals with the relationship between variables, testing of hypothesis and development of generalizations and use of theories that have universal validity. Descriptive surveys are used to discover causal relationships. The study involved a sample of 108 respondents selected from a population of 149 based on sloveine formula. The major findings indicate that the majority of the respondents were male (8 1.5%). The majority of the respondents disagreed with the level of fiscal decentralization, the grand mean was (2.395 fair). Level of the maintenance of roads is fair (mean 2.362 fair). The Pearson’s correlation shows a significant and positive relationship between the levels of fiscal intergovernmental system and road maintenance resources (i-=0.73 I; sig. =0.000). Also the correlation analysis between fiscal decision making and road maintenance effectiveness yielded a rank of con-elation value of (r=0.5 10; sig. 0.000) this depicts that there exists a strong relationship. The study concludes that is significant relationship between fiscal decentralization and maintenance of roads in Hargeisa Sornaliland. Fiscal decentralization involves the central government and local government to get sustainable services like maintenance of roads. It involves putting in place a fiscal resources and fiscal decision making in resource mobilization, resources allocation and fiscal capacity. The recommendations arising from the pertinent discussion and conclusions of this study, following the study objectives and hypotheses: The local and central government levels need to reform fiscal decentralization, so that they can realize effective road maintenance. Local governments need to have adequate and sustained sources of revenue, so that they can be responsive to the needs of road maintenance. Central governments should reform fiscal decentralization system in order to improve the local government functions. The local governments need to enhance maintenance of roads and service delivery capacity should therefore be sustained and strengthened

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION A

DECLARATION A ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF ACRONYMS vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

ABSTRACT ix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 5

1.3 Research objectives 6

1.3.1 General objectives 6

1.3.2 Specific objectives 6

1 .4Research questions 6

1.SHypothesis 6

1.6 Scope of the study 7

1.7 Significances of the study 7

1.8 Operational definitions of key terms 8

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9

2.0 Introduction 7

2.1 Theoretical Review 7

2.2.Conceptual frame work 8

2.3. The level of fiscal decentralization 9

2.3.1 Fiscal Intergovernmental System 10

2.3.2 Fiscal decision making 11

2.4 The Level of Maintenance of Roads 12

2.4.1 Road Maintenance Resources 12

2.5.3 Maintenance effectiveness 14

2.6 Related Studies 15

2.7 Research Gaps 17

vii

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 18

3.0 Introduction 18

3.1 Research design 18

3,2 Research population 18

3.3 Sample Size 18

3.4 Sampling Procedures 19

3.5 Research Instrument 19

3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Instruments 20

3.7 Data Gathering Procedures 20

3.8 Data Analysis 21

3.9 Ethical Considerations 22

3.10 Limitation of the Study 22

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS 23

4.0 Introducation 23

4.1 Demographic information of the respondents 23

4.2 Objective two 25

4.3 Objective Three 27

4.4 Objective Four 31

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSIONS, CONCULSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33

5.0 Introducation 33

5.1 Discussions of the fiscal decentralization 33

5.2 Discussion of the rnaintnanace of roads 34

5.3 Discussions of thefiscal decentralization and maintenance ofroads 34

5.4 Conclusions 34

5.5 Recommendations 35

REFERENCES 37

APPENDICES 42