Knowledge of Infant Nutritional Needs in Enugu State Implications for Child Health in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The study was located in Enugu State of South Eastern Nigeria and the focus of the study was to examine the knowledge of infant nutritional needs. The study population was drawn from five local government areas of the state, namely, Nsukka, Enugu North, Udenu, Isi-Uzo, and Igboeze South. The population of Enugu State in the 2006 census exercise was three million, two hundred and fifty-seven thousand, two hundred and ninety-eight (3,257298) persons (FGN, Official Gazette, 2007). The study population consisted of married women of reproductive age (18-49) and their husbands aged 18 and above. The multi – stage sampling approach was adopted in order to select the local government areas, communities, villages, households as well as respondents for the study. The five local government areas were clustered into communities and from these clusters, two communities were selected from each of the five LGAS through simple random sampling. Three instruments of data collection were used. These were the questionnaire, focus group discussion guide, and in-depth interview guide. One thousand (1000) questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. However, nine hundred and seventy – six (976) were validly completed and returned. The questionnaire sought information on the socio-economic and educational status of parents, child mortality, knowledge of infant nutrition and exclusive breastfeeding. For the qualitative data, a total of ten (10) Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted. The data were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that many Nigerian families are not aware that they can mash carrot, potato and cucumber and mix with meat broth and spoon feed their children.. It was found, that more of the younger respondents had the knowledge of infant nutrition, support exclusive breastfeeding and perceived the importance of immunization than their older respondents. However, results show that only place of residence had no relationship with any of the dependent variables like “knowledge of infant nutrition”, “views about importance of immunization” and “support of exclusive breastfeeding”. These findings have clear implications for social work practice in Nigeria. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page … … … … … … … … … … i

Title page … … … … … … … … … … ii

Certification … … … … … … … … … … iii

Dedication … … … … … … … … … … iv

Acknowledgements … … … … … … … … … v

Table of contents … … … … … … … … … vii

List of tables … … … … … … … … … … ix

List of figures … … … … … … … … … … xi

Abstract … … … … … … … … … … xii

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION … … … … … … … … … 1

1.1 Background to the Study … … … … … … 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem … … … … … … 3

1.3 Research Questions … … … … … … … … 7

1.4 Objectives of the Study … … … … … … … 8

1.5 Significance of the Study … … … … … … … 8

1.6 Operationalization of Concepts … … … … … … 9

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW … … … … … … … … 11

2.1 Review of Empirical Literature … … … … … … … 11

2.1.1 Knowledge of Nutrition … … … … … … … 11

2.1.2 Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding … … … … 13

2.2 Review of Theoretical Literature … … … … … … 15

2.2.1 What is Nutrition … … … … … … … … 15

2.2.2 Nutritional Status of Children … … … … … … 16

2.2.3 Nutrition and Health in Nigeria … … … … … … 17

2.2.4 Child Malnutrition … … … … … … … … 18

2.2.5 Factors Associated with Nutritional Practices … … … … 21

2.2.6 Need for Immunization Services … … … … … … 22

2.2.8 Social Work and Child Health Education … … … … … 26

2.2.9 Review of Relevant Literature … … … … … … … 30

2.2.10 Theoretical Framework … … … … … … … 34

2.2.11 Study Hypotheses … … … … … … … … 35

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY … … … … … … … … … 36

3.1 Research Design and Scope … … … … … … … 36

3.2 Study Area and Population … … … … … … … 36

3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure … … … … … 37

3.4 Instruments and Methods for Data Collection … … … … … 40

3.5 Methods of data analysis … … … … … … … 42

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS … … … … 43

4.1 Major characteristics of the study … … … … … … 43

4.2 Knowledge of infant nutritional needs … …. … … … 50

4.3 Awareness of health needs of children … … … … … 54

4.4 Issues on exclusive breastfeeding … … … … … … 55

4.5 Perception of respondents on immunization … … … … … 58

4.6 Awareness and relevance of social works services … … … … 60

4.7 Views on poverty and infant mortality … … … … … 62

4.8 Relationship between demographic variables and major research issues … 65

4.9 Hypotheses testing … … … … … … … … 79

4.10 Logistic regression analysis … … … … … … … 85

4.11 Discussion … … … … … … … … … 88

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS… … 91

5.1 Summary of findings … … … … … … … … 91

5.2 Conclusion … … … … … … … … … 94

5.3 Recommendations … … … … … … … … 96

5.4 Limitation of Study … … … … … … … … 97

5.5 Implications for Social Work Practice … … … … … 98

5.6 Implication for Social Policy … … … … … … 102

References … … … … … … … … … 105

Appendices … … … … … … … … … 112

A – Questionnaire … … … … … … … … 112

B – Focus group discussion guide … … … … … … 121

 C – In-depth interview guide … … … … … … … 122