Parental Involvement And Pupils Academic Performance In Ngobit Zone Lamuria Division, Laikipia Central District, Rift-Valley Province, Kenya

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL .............................................................................................................................................. ii

DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... v

CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................................................... 2

1.1.2. THEORITICAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................................................ 2

1.1.3 CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................................................ 3

1.1.4 CONTEXTUAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................................................ 4

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .......................................................................................................... 4

1.3 PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................ 5

1.5 OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................................... 6

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 6

1.7 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 6

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................................... 7

2.0. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Theoretical Review ........................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Conceptual framework ...................................................................................................................... 9

V

2.2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................................................................................ 10

2.2.1 Participation and pupils' academic performance ......................................................................... 10

2.2.2 Partnership and pupils' performance ........................................................................................... 14

2.2.3 Communication and pupils' performance .................................................................................... 15

2.2.4 Parental rule and pupils academic performance .......................................................................... 16

2.2.S Parents education aspirations ...................................................................................................... 19

2.3.0 Barriers to Involvement ............................................................................................................... 24

2.3.1 Lack of time and parental involvement ........................................................................................ 24

2.3.2 Parental education and involvement ........................................................................................... 26

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 29

3.0 Introductions ................................................................................................................................... 29

3.1 Research design .............................................................................................................................. 29

3.2 Population ....................................................................................................................................... 29

3.3 Sample and sampling strategies ...................................................................................................... 29

3.4. Data collection method .................................................................................................................. 30

3.5 Data collection instruments ............................................................................................................ 30

2.6 Data quality control ........................................................................................................................ 30

3.7 Procedure ........................................................................................................................................ 31

3.8 Organization of data ........................................................................................................................ 31

CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................................... 32

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ...................................................................... 32

4.0 lntroduction .................................................................................................................................................. 32

4.1 Table 1: Frequency and percentage of parental participation ......................................................... 32

Figure 1: Parental participation toward pupils' progress ...................................................................... 33

vi

Figure 2: Parental participation toward pupils' progress ..................................................................... 34

Table 2: Frequency and percentage of parent lack of time •••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••...••••••••••••••••••••••••• 35

Figure 3: Bar graph representing lack of time by parents ......................................................................... i

Figure 4: Pie chart representing lack of time by parents ••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37

CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................................................................................... 38

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................... 38

5.0 lntroduction •••••••..•••••••••••.••.•••••••.•••.•••••••••.••••...•••••••••••••••••••.•.••••••.•••••......••.•••••••••••.......••.•••••••••......•........••••• 38

5.1 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 38

5.2 Conclusion ••...••••.••••..••••••••••....•••••••••••.....•••••••••••••.......••••••••••••.•......•••••••••••••......•••••••••••••...•...••.••••••.•••••••••••••• 38

5.3 Recommendation .•.•••••.........••...•.......•••••••.........••.•.•••••.............••.••••••.....•.•.....•••••••......•.•••••••••••.••..•••.•......•••• 39

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 41

APPENDIX 1: INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT •••.•••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 43

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ...................................................................................................................... 44

APPENDIX 2 ...................................................................................................