Prevalence and Factors for Hypertension among Hiv Patients on Haart Attending Chai Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Bushenyi.

ABSTRACT

The study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension in HIV patients on HAART attending CHAI clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital.

The Specific objectives were to find out the prevalence of hypertension in HIVpatients on HAART attending CHAI clinic and to assess the risk factors to hypertension in HIVpatients on HAART attending CHAI clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital

This was a cross sectional study based on prospectively collected data from participants enrolled in CHAI clinic KIU-TH. This recruits HIV-infected individuals receiving care. The study showed that the prevalence hypertension in HIV patients on HAART attending CHAI clinic in KIU-TH 8(14%). 

From the study,   the most affected HIV-Hypertensive patients (75%) were aged between 40 to 60 years. The most risk factors of hypertension in HIV patients were; 4(50% had a positive family history of having hypertension in their homes, 1 (12.5%) history of obesity, 2(25%) had a positive history of diabetes and 1(12.5%) said they were not doingphysical exercises. 

The study found out that some were predispose due to their social life style that is; of the participants were smokers 3(43%), 2(25%) was neither taking alcohol nor smoking, 1(12.5%) had history  of taking alcohol and smoking while 2(25%) said they were smokers only.

Health workers should encourage HIV patients on HAART to do frequent physical exercises to reduce hypertension due to obesity, health workers should encourage HIV patients on HAART to reduce / stop smoking to reduce risks of hypertension, health workers should health educate HIV patients on HAART about diet and its risks to hypertension, health workers should encourage HIV patients to reduce/ stop alcohol to reduce risk of atherosclerosis which can reduce hypertension.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

DECLARATION I

SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL II

DEDICATION III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS V

ABBREVIATIONS IX

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….X

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS 2

1.3 STUDY OBJECTIVES. 3

1.3.1 BROAD OBJECTIVE. 3

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES. 3

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3

1.5 THE STUDY JUSTIFICATION 3

1.6.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 4

1.6.2 TIME SCOPE 4

1.6.3 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE 4

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERUTURE REVIEW 6

INTRODUCTION 6

2.1, PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN HIV PATIENTS 6

2.2 RISK FACTORS TO HYPERTENSION 8

2.2.1 HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA 8

2.2.2 HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. 8

2.2.3 LOW HDL 9

2.2.4 TRUNCAL OBESITY. 9

2.2.5 TYPE 2 DM 10

2.2.6 CIGARETTE SMOKING 10

2.3 OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION 10

2.3.1 AGE. 10

2.3.2 SEX. 10

2.3.4 FAMILY HISTORY. 11

2.3.5 DIABETES MELLITUS. 11

2.3.6 HAEMOSTATIC DISORDERS. 11

2.3.7 PHYSICAL INACTIVITY. 11

2.3.8 OBESITY. 12

2.3.9 ALCOHOL. 12

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 13

3.0 INTRODUCTION 13

3.1 STUDY DESIGN. 13

3.2 STUDY AREA 13

3.3 STUDY POPULATION 13

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE DETARMINANTION 13

3.6 SELECTION CRITERIA 14

3.6.1 INCLUSION CRITERIA 14

83.6.2 EXCLUSION CRITERIA 14

3.7 DEFINITION OF VARIABLES. 14

3.8 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS 15

3.9 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 15

3.10 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION. 15

3.11 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 16

3.12 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL. 16

3.13 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 16

CHAPTER FOUR 17

RESULTS 17

4.0INTRODUCTION. 17

4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 17

4.2 THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN HIV PATIENTS ON HAART. 18

4.3 THE RISK FACTORS TO HYPERTENSION IN HIV PATIENTS ON HAART. 18

4.3.1 SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV-HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS 18

4.3.2 MEDICAL FACTORS. 19

4.3.2 SOCIAL FACTORS. 19

CHAPTER FIVE 20

DISCUSSION 20

5.0 INTRODUCTION 20

5.1 SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 20

5.2 THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN HIV PATIENTS ON HAART. 20

5.3 THE RISK FACTORS TO HYPERTENSION IN HIV PATIENTS ON HAART. 20

5.3.2 MEDICAL FACTORS. 21

5.3.2 SOCIAL FACTORS. 22

5.4 CONCLUSION 22

5.5 RECOMMENDATION 23

APPENDIX I: INFORMED CONSENT FORM AND QUESTIONNAIRES 27

APPENDIX II: WORK PLAN 32

APPENDIX III: BUDGET 33

APPENDIX IV:MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING THE STUDY AREA 34

APPENDIX V: MAP OF ISHAKA BUSHENYI SHOWING KAMPALA INTERNATINAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL (KIU-TH) 35

APPENDIX VI: THE INTRODUCTORY LETTER……………………………36