PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING HIV CLINIC AT JINJA REGIONAL REFFERAL HOSPITAL, JINJA DISTRICT.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii

APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................................iii

DEDICATION............................................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................. v

List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... x

CHAPTER ONE. ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.0 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 HIV ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.2 TB .......................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Problem statement..................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Main Objective.......................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Specific objectives.................................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Research questions.................................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Significance............................................................................................................................... 3

1.7 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................................... 4

1.7.1 Time Scope ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.7.2 Content Scope ........................................................................................................................ 4

1.7.3 Geographical Scope ............................................................................................................... 4

1.8 Conceptual frame work............................................................................................................. 5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 6

2.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Burden of Tuberculosis............................................................................................................. 8

2.3 Burden of HIV/AIDS................................................................................................................ 9

2.4 Burden of TB-HIV co-infection................................................................................................ 9

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 13

3.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 13

3.1. Study area............................................................................................................................... 13

3.2 Data collection materials......................................................................................................... 13

3.3 Study design............................................................................................................................ 13

3.4 Study population ..................................................................................................................... 13

3.5 Sampling size.......................................................................................................................... 13

3.6 Inclusion criteria ..................................................................................................................... 14

3.7 Exclusion criteria .................................................................................................................... 14

3.8 Data analysis and presentation................................................................................................ 14

3.9 Ethical considerations............................................................................................................. 14

3.10 Limitations of the study ........................................................................................................ 15

3.11 Dissemination of results........................................................................................................ 15

CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................................... 16

4.0 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 16

4.1 Proportion of HIV patients co-infected with TB among HIV patients attending ART clinic in JRRH.................................... 16

4.2 Prevalence of TB in HIV infected patients by age ................................................................. 17

4.3 Prevalence of TB in HIV infected patients by gender............................................................ 18

4.4 Prevalence of TB in HIV infected patients by level of education .......................................... 19

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 20

5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 20

5.2 DISCUSSIONS....................................................................................................................... 20

5.3 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................... 22

1. The prevalence of HIV/TB co infection was 20.5%.......................................................... 22

2. 39.5% of the participants where within 26-35 age group. ................................................. 22

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................ 22

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 23

Appendix 1; Data collection tool.................................................................................................. 26

Appendix II: Budget .................................................................................................................... 27

Appendix III:Time frame showing activities for the proposed study........................................... 28

Appendix IV: A map of Uganda showing the location of Jinja District....................................... 29

Appendix v. A map of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital............................................................. 30

APPENDIX VI: INTRODUCTORY LETTER............................................................................ 31

ABSTRACT 

Tuberculosis (TB) was declared a global emergency in the year 1993; the Director General of WHO declared AIDS to be a global emergency as well and there exists a synergistic relationship between TB and HIV. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are fatally synergistic. In high-burden countries, people with HIV/AIDS are 27 times more likely to contract TB than those not suffering from HIV/AIDS. Globally, one-third of the more than 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS are also infected with tuberculosis. TB is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV/AIDS patients accounting for about 30% of all death of HIV/AIDS patients (Sharma et al, 2010). The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design where qualitative methods were used to collect data from the study population which consisted of patients (15-65 years) attending ART clinic at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. The sample size of 215 participants was calculated from the Kish Leslie, 1965 formula and a systematic sampling method was used to get the participants. The prevalence of TB among sero-positive HIV patients was 20.5 %, while 79.9% of the 215 participants had only HIV without TB while 44 (20.5%) of the participants were co infected with TB. Of the patients who had TB (215 participants), 165 (76.7%) were male and 50 (23.3%) were female. Most of the participants were within 26-35 (39.5%) and 7.0% within 56-65. Out of the 215 participants, 69.8% had never gone to school while a small 2.3% had reached tertiary level. The prevalence of HIV/TB co infection was slightly lower than that from the previous research which was at 24%, being more in male than females with a ratio of approximately 3:1 most of them falling within 26-35 age group since this was the sexually active group. In addition, many of the participants had never gone to school 69.8% (150 participants) hence high chances of having a poor health seeking behavior and inadequate health education.