Propensity To Work and Income Levels of Youths in southern sudan A Case Study of Napere Suburb-Y Ambio Town

Abstract

This study was meant to determine the propensity to work and income levels of youths in Southern Sudan by taking the case of Napere suburb in Yambio Town. The average hours worked per month here represents the propensity to work while the total monthly income characterizes the income level. The study particularly sought to establish and recommend the kind of relationship that should exist between propensity to work and the

income levels of youths. This was conceived due to the fact that while traditional economic theory entailed high propensity to work for the low income earners, conditions on the ground highlighted that despite the low income levels of the youths, their propensity to work was still low. The study was conducted through sample survey; data was collected in June 2010, using interview technique from 120 youths purposively selected from the accessible population, analyzed using Pearson's Correlation, and presented in tables and figures. The study established the existence of a positive relationship between propensity to work and income levels with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.592 at 1% level of Significance. A total of 55.8% of the youths had a low

propensity to work out of which 48.5% had low incomes. The study concludes that the youths have low incomes because they have a low propensity to work. It recommends that the government planners and other development agencies should promote a high propensity to work among the youths through: establishing demonstration farms and sensitizing youths' leaders about the imperative of work, in a bid to improve incomes.

Table of Contents

Declaration ........................................................................... ii

Approval ........................................................................... iii

Dedica.................................................................. iv

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. v

Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ vi

List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii

List of Figures

............................................................................... .ix

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms...................................................  

Abstract .................................................................... xi

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................ 1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1

1.0 Introduction ......................................................................... 1

1.1 Background to tbe Study ........................................................................ 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... .4

1.3 Objectives oftbe Study ...................................................................... 5

1.3.1 General Objective .......................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Specific Objectives .......................................................................... 5

1.4 Research Questions .......................................................................... 5

1.5 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................... 5

1.6 Significance of tbe Study ........................................................................ 6

1.7 Justification oftbe Study ............................................................................. 6

1.8 Scope of tbe Study ......................................................................... 7

1.8.1 Geographical Scope ........................................................................ ?

1.8.2 Content Scope ........................................................................ 7

1.8.3 Time Scope ........................................................................... ?

1.9 Operational Definition of Terms and Concepts ............................................................. S

1.10 Assumptions and Limitations of tbe Study .................................................................. 9

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................ 10

LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 10

2.0 Introduction ............................................................................ 10

2.1 Theoretical Review ........................................................................... 1 0

2.2 A Reflection on tbe Major Dimensions of Propensity to Work and Income Levels ... l5

2.2.1. High Propensity to Work and Income Levels ......................................................... 15

2.2.2 Average Propensity to Work and Income Levels ..................................................... 18

2.2.3 Low Propensity to Work and Income Levels ........................................................... 19

2.3 Summary of tbe Review .............................................................................................. 23

VI

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................... 24

METHODOLOGY ............................................................................ 24

3.0 Introduction ......................................................................... 24

3.1 Research Design .......................................................................................................... 24

3.2 Study Population ........................................................................... 24

3.3 Sample Size and Sample Selection .............................................................................. 25

3.4 Data Collection Methods ............................................................................ 25

3.4.1 Data Collection Instruments .................................................................... 25

3.4.2 Pre-testing of Data Collection Instruments .............................................................. 26

3.5 Data Collection Procedures ......................................................................... 27

3.6 DataAnalysis .......................................................................... 27

3.7 Measurement of Research Variables ........................................................................... 27

CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................... 29

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS ........................ 29

4.0 Introduction ........................................................................... 29

4.1 High Propensity to Work and Income Levels ............................................................. 29

4.2 Average Propensity to Work and Income Levels ........................................................ 30

4.3 Low Propensity to Work and Income Levels .............................................................. 31

CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................... 38

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................. 38

5.0 Introduction ........................................................................ 38

5.1 Discussion of Findings ........................................................................... 38

5.1.1 What is the Relationship between High Propensity to Work and Income Levels? .. 38

5.1.2 What is the Relationship between Average Propensity to Work and Income Levels? .. 39

5.1.3 What is the Relationship between Low Propensity to Work and Income Levels? .. .40

5.2 Conclusion .......................................................................... 42

5.2.1 High Propensity to Work and Income Levels ......................................................... .42

5.2.2 Average Propensity to Work and Income Levels .................................................... .43

5.2.3 Low Propensity to Work and Income Levels ........................................................... 43

5.3 Recommendations ......................................................................... .44

5.4 Recommended Areas for Further Research ................................................................ .45

REFERENCES .......................................................................... 46

APPENDICES ......................................................................... 49

APPENDIX I INTRODUCTORY LETTER ............................................................. 49

APPENDIX II INTERVIEW GUIDE ................................ , ......................................... 50

APPENDIX III OBSERVATION GUIDE .................................................................... 53

APPENDIX IV TIME FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 54

APPENDIX V BUDGET ........................................................................... 55

APPENDIX VI MAP .... , ........................................................................... 56