Terrorism: A Major Cause of Insecurity in Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT The study was on terrorism: a major cause of insecurity in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was descriptive in style because it outlined the nature of the actual situation just as it exists. It tried to explain the relationship between the impact of the terrorism and the government response to keep security. The design shaped by the responses obtained from the interviewees and the extent of the data collected from the sample population The objectives of the study included: Reasons for the causes of terrorism in Nairobi, Kenya and the responses where: terrorism in Nairobi, Kenya and the findings showed the respondents agreed and disagreed at varying levels with the statements provided. For example, the study found the respondents agreed with statement that terrorism is as a result of retaliation by Somalia Islamists (mean 2.907). This means that the terrorists are retaliating Kenya's deployment of their troops by the Amison peacekeeping body. The effects of terrorism activities in Kenya and the responses where: the effects of terrorism activities in Kenya and the findings revealed that: Majority (28.5%) of the respondents said that terrorism destroys lives. Research looked at last objective was the Intervention strategies to the problems of terrorism in Kenya and responses where: the intervention strategies to the problems of terrorism in Kenya and the findings revealed that: Majority (26.2%) of the respondents revealed that keeping a check on extremist clerics is one of the strategies of curbing terrorism in Kenya. Furthermore, 16.9°/o of the respondents said that the government should stop the flow of terrorist funds in Kenya. It was Concluded that the study findings presented, the following conclusions were drawn; The UN and EU's human security approach is significant because it seeks to address the broader social and political conditions favorable for the spread of terrorism. It was Recommended that the actors focus more on the entire region since terrorism is a regional problem, not a country problem. Support is also needed to address more fundamental capacity issues, such as strengthening democratic institutions and the judicial system, combating corruption, improving governance, dealing with internal and external conflicts, and targeting vulnerable communities. 

TABLE OF CONTENT 

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................... i 

APPROVAL .. i 

DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iii 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... iv 

ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... v 

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................. vi 

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... xi 

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. xii 

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................•...................................... 1 

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 

1.1.0 Background of Study ........................................................................................ 1 

1.1.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................. 1 

1.1.2 Historical Background ...................................................................................... 2 

1.1.3 Theoretical Background .................................................................................... 6 

1.1.5 Conceptual Background .................................................................................... 9 

1.1.6 Contextual Background ................................................................................... 10 

1.1 Statement of the problem .................................................................................. 13 

1.2 The aim or Purpose of the Study ........................................................................ 13 

1.3 Research Objectives ......................................................................................... 14 

1.4 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 14 

1.5 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 14 

1.5.1 Geographical Scope ........................................................................................ 14 

1.5.2 Theoretical Scope ........................................................................................... 15 

1.5.3 Content Scope ................................................................................................ 16 

1.5.4 Time Scope ................................................................................................ 16 

1.6 Significance of the Study .................................................................................... 17 

1.7 Operational definition of the key Terms used in the research ............................... 17 

17.1 Terrorism ........................................................................................................ 17 

1.7.2 Security ......................................................................................................... 18 

1.7.3 Insecurity .............................................. ......................................................... 18 

1.7.4 AI-Qaida ......................................................................................................... 18 

1.7.5 AI-Shaabab ..................................................................................................... 18 

CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................ 19 

LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................... 19 

2.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 19 

2.1 Theoretical Review ............................................................................................ 20 

2.2 Terror Prone Zones ............................................................................................ 27 

2.2.1 Soft target and loss of life ............................................................................... 27 

2.2.2 Destruction of property ................................................................................... 28 

2.2.3 General effects of Terror ................................................................................. 29 

2.3 Terror attacks, Recruitment and network Strategies ............................................. 30 

2.3.1 Government Anti Terror Strategy ..................................................................... 31 

2.4 Training of Special Forces .................................................................................. 31 

2.5 Terror equipments ........................ ..................................................................... 32 

2.6 Anti Terror networks .......................................................................................... 32 

vii 

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................. 34 

Methodology ................................................................................................... 34 

3.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 34 

3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................ 34 

3.2 Research Population .......................................................................................... 34 

3.3 Sample Size ...................................................................................................... 35 

3.4 Sampling procedure ........................................................................................... 36 

3.5 Instrumentation ................................................................................................ 36 

3.6.1 Validity ........................................................................................................... 37 

3.6.2 Reliability ....................................................................................................... 37 

3.7 Data Collection procedure .................................................................................. 37 

3.7.1 before data collection ...................................................................................... 37 

3.7.2 During data collection ..................................................................................... 38 

3.7.3 After Data collection ....................................................................................... 38 

3.7.4 Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 38 

3.7.5 Ethical consideration ....................................................................................... 39 

3.8 Limitation of the study ....................................................................................... 40 

3.9 Extraneous Variables ......................................................................................... 41 

3.10 Intervening or confounding variables ............................................................... .41 

3.11 Uncontrolled settings ....................................................................................... 41 

3.12 Testing ........................................................................................................... 41 

CHAPTER FOUR .•............................................................................................. 42 

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ............. 42 

4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 42 

4.2 Reasons for the causes of terrorism in Nairobi, Kenya .......................................... 45 

4.3 The effects of terrorism activities in Kenya ......................................................... ,50 

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................ 57 

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................... 57 

5.1 Introduction ............................... , ...................................................................... 57 

5.2 Discussions ...................................................................................................... ,57 

5.2 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 59 

5.3 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 62 

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 67 

APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 70 

APPENDIX I: TRANSMmAL LETTER FROM COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREE AND 

RESEARCH ......................................................................................................................... 70 

APPENDIX II: RESEARCH INSTRUMENT KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY 

COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREE AND RESEARCH, DEPARTMENT OF OPEN AND 

DISTANCE LEARN I. ........................................................................................................... 71 

APPENDIX III .......................................................................................................... 72 

INFORMED CONSENT .............................................................................................. 72 

APPENDIX IV .......................................................................................................... 76 

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES OF TERRORISM .............................. 76 

APPENDIX V ........................................................................................................... 77