THE BASICS OF DRUG WITHDRAWAL

Abstract

The basic point in this paper is to emphasize drug withdrawal as a therapeutic process requires for many clinical treatments to be complete. The states of nature that are influenced with drugs can undergo conformational changes to heal a disease or rid and infection. these changes nay need to be returned to their normal states of nature before the infliction. therefore the drug withdrawal seeks a near perfect clinical administration where patients are well treated and body system cleared of excesses of drug interactions and interruptions using the different methodologies like water therapy, self reclamation, detoxification and other maintenance therapies. Client /patient participation is also necessary for sustained health care in and out of the clinics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

1              Drug Withdrawal      ……..………………………….       5

1.0           Types Of Drug Withdrawal       ……………………       5

1.1           Kinds Of Drugs                …………………………..      6

1.2           Total Drug Withdrawal     ……………….…………       7     

1.3           Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES)…..              8

2              Selective Or Partial Drug Withdrawal………             12

2.0           Rebound  ………………………..……………………..      13
2.1           Relapse            …………………………………..             13

2.2           Recurrence              …………………………………       14

2.3           Withdrawal Syndromes   ………………………….       14

2.4           Pseudo-Withdrawal          ………………………..……….       15

2.5           Dependence             ………………………………….      15

2.6           Addiction………………………………..……………..      16

2.7           Abuse (Drug Abuse)………………………………….      16

3              Therapeutic Drug Withdrawal  …………….……..       16

3.0           Opoids             ………………………………………..       17

3.1           Benzodiazepines              ………………………….       17

3.2           Stimulants       ………………………………………..       18

3.3           Inhalants         ………………………………………..       18

3.4               Alcohol   ………………………………………………       18

3.5              Cannabis………………………………………………       19

3.6           Maintenance Therapy              ……………………       19

3.7           Detoxification Therapy (Detox)……………………       19

3.8           Dose Reduction Therapy          ……………………       20

3.9           Drug Replacement Therapy      ……………………       20

3.10         Controlled Therapeutic Medication Threshold

Withdrawal      ………………………………………..       20

3.11         Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Withdrawal      ………………………………………..       21

3.12         Self Reclamation/Recovery Therapies      ……..        21

3.12.1      Positive Psychology          ………………………….       22

3.12.2      Cognitive Behaviour Therapy CBT   ………………..   22

3.12.3      Biblio -Therapy                …………………………………       23   
3.12.3.1   Identification   ………………………………………..       25

3.12.3.2   Carthasis……………………………………………….      26

3.12.3.3   Insight     ………………………………………………       26

3.12.3.4   Conflict Resolution  …………………………………       26

3.12.3.5   Reinforcement         ………………………………….      27

3.12.3.6   Refined Transfer      …………………………………       27

3.13         Water Therapy………………………………………..       27

4              Economic Drug Withdrawal     ……………………       27

4.0           Withdrawal Due To Product (Drug) Recall        ………….   28

4.1           Withdrawal Due To Product (Drug)Refinement/

Modification     ………………………………………..       28

4.2           Withdrawal Due To Product (Drug) Ban…………..    29

4.3           Withdrawal Due To Product (Drug) Affordability…..29

4.4           Withdrawal Due To (Drug) Availability…………….    30

5              Withdrawal Under Pressure Or Undue Influence….30

5.0           Conclusion      ………………………………………….    31

                References       …………………………………………..   32