Opportunities And Constraints In Using Quality Protein Maize In South Africa
Maize in South Africa Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important grain crop in South Africa and is produced throughout the country under diverse environments. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. These inputs are, among other things, adapted cultivars, plant population, soil tillage, fertilization, weed, insect and disease control, harvesting, marketing and financial resou...
Water and Sanitation Target (MDGs)
INTRODUCTION The Millennium Summit in September 2000 and held in New York City was described as the largest gathering of global leaders in history. The three-day summit was one where 149 global leaders gathered on the table of brotherhood. Three days after, the leaders arrived at the Millennium Declaration which automatically became known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The millennium development goals (MDGs) is a set of eight point agenda adopted by all member states includ...
The Effect of Agricultural Practices on the Soil
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Determining the incidence of Dengue in Ile-Ife
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is fever that occurs for no apparent reason with failure toestablish diagnosis within one week of investigation. The fever involves temperatures ofgreater than 38.3oC which occurs sporadically for more than three weeks. Fever resolvesusually after about 3 days but can take 2 weeks.Dengue is a tropical mosquito borne-viral disease and is marked by high fever and severe muscle and joint pains. It is caused by any of four antigenically and genetically distinct vir...
Evaluation of Food safety hazards and control in selected fast foods outlets in Ifo Local Government Area, Ogun State
Although the safety of foods served in fast-foods in Nigeria has been an ongoing concern, the unhygienic environments where some fast-foods are located contribute to transmission of foodborne diseases. Health experts in Nigeria have said that the shortage of water may affect the success of any safety campaigns. According to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for water and sanitation (WHO/UNICEF, 2013), only 58 percent of the country’s 160 million people have access to potable wat...
Mechanisms of action of some probiotics
INTRODUCTION The term probiotic (opposite of antibiotics) is used when we refer to bacteria associated with beneficial effects on humans and animals. It was invented in the early twentieth century by Nobel Prize winner, Eli Metchnikoff, and introduced in his study, the prolongation of Life. (Metchnikoff, 1907).Metchnikoff has shown since 1907 that Lactobacillus bulgaricus is able to eliminate pathogenic bacteria from the intestinal microflora. The actual introduction of the concept belongs to...
THE CAUSE OF INFERTILITY AMONGST WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined infertility as a failure to conceive over 12 months of exposure which is a good practical guide to management, and leaves a longer term residual incidence of infertility of 10–15%. Epidemiological data suggest that approximately 80 million people worldwide are infertile. WHO indicates the highest incidence in some regions of Central Africa where the infertility rate may reach 50%, compared to 20% in the Eastern Mediterranean region, a...
Roles of bacteriocins in food safety
INTRODUCTION DEFINITION AND HISTORY Bacteriocins are bacterial ribosomally synthesized peptides or proteins with antimicrobial activity. As ribosomally synthesised peptides, bacteriocins are encoded by a plasmid- or chromosome-borne structural gene which is often clustered with genes coding for immunity protein(s) and dedicated transport. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced as a tiny molecule by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s) produc...
Mycotoxins: Characterization , Occurrence and Detection
INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are pharmacologically active mold metabolites produced in a strain-specific way that elicit some complicated toxicological activities (Bennett, 2003). Mycotoxins could also be described as secondary metabolites produced by a wide variety of organisms categorized as fungi, including mushrooms, yeasts and molds. The term mycotoxin was used for the first time in 1961 in the aftermath of a veterinary crisis in England, during which thousands of animals died. The disease wa...
THE EFFECT OF ABORTION ON FEMALES
ABSTRACT In medicine, an abortion is the premature exit of the products of conception (the fetus, fetal membranes, and placenta) from the uterus. It is the loss of a pregnancy and does not refer to why that pregnancy was lost. It is the expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception before the fetus is viable. An estimated 44 million abortions are performed globally each year, with slightly under half of those performed unsafely (Sedgh et al., 2012). For most women, the decision to e...
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI
INTRODUCTION A fungus is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which are separate from plants, animals, protists, and bacteria. One major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants and some protists, which contain cellulose, and unlike the cell walls of bacteria. These and ot...
THE EFFECT OF MAXIGRAIN® ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND EGG QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LAYERS FED GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM (JACQ) Kunth ex Steud LEAF MEAL
ABSTRACT In a feeding trial which was conducted to study the nutritive value of air-dried Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) supplemented with Maxigrain® enzyme using Sixty laying hens (Rhode Island Red strains). The birds were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of 12 birds per treatment; each treatment was replicated into 4 groups with 3 birds per replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated; the test ingredient being Gliricidia sepium. Four of the diets were formulated with enzyme ...
Chickenpox in children
ABSTRACT Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral illness caused by primary infection with the Varicella zoster virus (VZV). It is characterized by vesicular skin lesions and fever. It causes an itchy rash that looks like tiny blisters. The rash usually starts on the face, stomach, chest or back, and spreads to other parts of the body. A mild fever, tiredness, and slight body discomfort usually come with the rash. Anyone who hasn’t had chickenpox already can get it, but it is most common amo...