INTRODUCTION Overtourism is the term used to describe the uncontrollably high number of visitors that result in overcrowding in places where locals are negatively impacted by sporadic and seasonal tourist peaks. This can lower the quality of life and foster animosity towards tourists (Hristov et al., 2021). An excellent example of this phenomenon is Barcelona, one of the most popular tourist locations in all of Europe. almost 32 million tourists, or almost six times the city’s population, v...