The antibacterial producing properties of Actinomycetes

ABSTRACT

The antibacterial producing properties of Actinomycetes were carried out using soil samples collected from different locations at Osun State University, Osogbo, main campus. The soil samples were collected from twelve (12) diffeferent locations within the study site. The samples were cultured aseptically by inoculating each samples on Starch Casein agar and incubated at 30oC. Identification and characterization were carried out by morphology, microscopic and biochemical tests. The production of pigments on plates were also observed. Actinomycetes isolates were presumptively identified. All Actinomycetes isolates were screened for the production of bioactive compounds. The preliminary screening was done using cross streak method while secondary screening was done using agar well diffusion method as shown in Table 4 and 5 respectively. Both screening test reveals the ability of six (6) Actinomycetes isolates to be active against three (3) out of seven (7) bacteria isolated from the body of HIV positive patients (which was used as test bacteria)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE                                                           

CERTIFICATIONii

DEDICATIONiii

ACKNOLEDGEMENTiv

TABLE OF CONTENTv

ABSTRACTxii

CHAPER ONE1

1.0Introduction and literature review1

1.1Introduction1

1.2Literature review2

1.2.1Taxonomic history of Actinomycetes2

1.2.1.1Streptomycinea3

1.2.1.2Corynebacterineae3

1.2.1.3Micrococcineae4

1.2.1.4Micromonosporineae4

1.2.1.5Propionibacteriaceae5

1.2.1.6Streptosporangineae5

1.2.1.7Frankineae5

1.2.2Ecology of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes6

1.2.2.1Actinomycetes as soil inhabitant6

1.2.2.2Actinomycetes as rhizobacteria7

1.2.3Economic importance of actinomycetes7

1.2.3.1Ecological Importance7

1.2.3.2Human Health Importance8

1.2.3.3 Infections8

1.2.3.4Actinomycetes as Antifungals9

1.2.3.5Actinomycetes as roduction of plantgrowth hormone (indole-3-acetic acid)9

1.2.3.6Actinomycetes in Biocorrosion10

1.2.3.7Actinomycetes in Bioremediation 10

1.2.3.8Numbers of actinomycetales species, including the all rare actinos, known to produce bioactive metabolites11

1.2.3.8.1 Streptomycetaceae11

1.2.3.8.2 Micromonosporaceae (Actinoplanetes)11

1.2.3.8.3 Pseudonocardiaceae11

1.2.3.8.4 Streptosporangiaceae (Maduromycetes)11

1.2.3.8.5 Thermomonosporaceae11

1.2.3.8.6 Mycobacteriaceae (Actinobacteria)11

1.2.3.8.7 Other (unclassified) species11

1.3Objectives of study12

CHAPTER TWO

2.0Materials and methodology13

2.1Materials13

2.2Methodology13

2.2.1Sterilization of equipment and materials13

2.3Collection of samples           14

2.4Microbiological analysis

2.4.1Preparation of culture media14

2.4.2Enumeration and Isolation of Actinomycetes in the soil sample14

2.4.3Purification of Actinomycetes isolates14

2.4.4Identification14

2.4.4.1Morphological identification14

2.4.4.2Biochemical identification15

2.4.4.2.1Catalase test15

2.4.4.2.2Indole test15

2.4.4.2.3Starch hydrolysis16

2.4.4.2.4Casein hydrolysis16

2.4.4.2.5Triple Sugar Iron16

2.5Screening for antibacterial properties of actinomycetes against clinical bacteria isolates

2.5.1Primary screening of antimicrobial properties16

2.5.2Extraction of antibacterial compounds.17

2.5.3Secondary screening of antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method17

CHAPER THREE

3.0RESULTS19

3.1Actinomycetes enumeration table22

3.2Morphological characteristics of actinomycetes from soil25

3.3Biochemical characteristics of Actinomycetes isolated from soil.29

3.4Diameters of zone of inhibition in (mm) from primary screening33

3.5Diameters of zone of inhibition in (mm) from secondary screening37

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION39

4.1Discussion39

4.2Conclusion39

4.3Recommendation40