An Assessment of Changes in Tree Density and Diversity On Smallholder Farms Along Nigeria-Niger Border

ABSTRACT

This study assessed changes in tree density and diversity on smallholder farms along Nigeria-Niger border. The study draws attention to the importance of the tree and the changes of tree grown on the smallholder farms in the border region. The study also assessed the knowledge of local farmers on tree changes and the method they use to tackle the changes in tree diversity. The study area is in the sand region which experiences little rainfall and a high temperature, therefore, drought resistance trees are found. Several literatures were consulted to undertake this research. Three methodologies were used for the research: the Simpson's index of Diversity (I-D) is used, because a data of tree density and tree species diversity change is been investigated across the two borders. Chi-square statistical technique was used to find out the difference in the responses of farmers and forestry officials on tree density and diversity change and t-test statistical techniques was used in determining the significance difference in tree density and diversity change in the measured area. The study revealed that Balantynes egyptica is the most highly ranked species, because it occurred 38% and 33% in Sule Tankarkar and Maigatari, Nigeria, and 25% and 15% in Dogo-Dogo and Dungass, Niger Republic respectively. The research further revealed that there are more tree density and tree species diversity in Niger Republic than in Nigeria. The Simpson's index of Diversity in Sule Tankarkar is 0.79 and 0.78 in Maigatari, both in Nigeria. While Dogo-Dogo and Dungass in Niger Republic both have 0.84 each. Since the greater the value, the greater the diversity. The research offered recommendations that since Balantyne egyptica trees by government of both Nigeria and Niger, so that it can grow fast within shortest time possible. Also, smallholder farmers must be carried along in managing trees in the farm lands in the area, among others.