An Investigation in to Impact Of Civil War On the Girl Child Education in Sourthern Sudan. Case Study: Yambio-Payam, Yabio County Western Province State

TABLE OF CONTENT. Contents. Pages

DECLARATION .•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••..••••••• i APPROVAL . ..................................................................................................... ii List of maps .............................••••...........•...••................................................ iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................. 1 1. 0 Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1. Back Ground to the Study .................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................. 3 1.3 Purpose of the Study .......................................................................... 3 1.4 General Objective of the Study ............................................................. 3 1.5 Specific Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 4 1.6 Hypothesis of the Study ....................................................................... 4 1. 7 Scope of the Study .............................................................................. 4 1.8 Justification of the Study ...................................................................... 5 1. 9 Definition of Terms .............................................................................. 5

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................. 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2. Introduction ...................................................................................... 7 Global View on Girl Child Education .................................................... 7 Africans View on Girl Child Education .................................................. 8 National View On Girl Child Education ............................................... 11 Girl Child Education in Southern Sudan ............................................. 11 Strategic Plans to Promote Girls Education in Sudan ......................... 12

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................... 14 3.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 14 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 14 3.2 Research Design ................................................................................. 14 3.3 Population of the Study ....................................................................... 14 3.4 Sample Selection and Size ................................................................... 15 3.5 Data Collection ................................................................................... 15 3.6 Procedure of Data Analysis .................................................................. 16 3.7 Limitation of the Study ........................................................................ 17

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................ 18

VI

4.0 PRESENTATIONS, INTERPRETATIONS AND ANALYSIS •.....•..............• 18 4 .1. Introduction .................................................................................... 18 4.2. Background/ Characteristics of the respondents ................................ 19 4.3 Table I: Showing the Distribution of the Questionnaires to ................. 19 4.4 Table ii: Showing the Age and Gender of the .................................... 20 4.5 Table iii: Showing the religion affiliation .....•....••................................ 21 4.6 A Pie chart showing statistics of Students (Girls) who sat ................... 22 4.7 Table N: showing Boys/ men's disruption and_ Girls' Education •....•.... 23 4.8 Drop out Rates ...............................•.......•........................................ 26 4.9 Table below shows Parental influence in early Marriages_in an attempt to answer question number ( 4.A) .......................................................... 28 4 .1.0 Parents and the girl child Education ....•••.•..•••••••••.•.••......................... 28 4.1.1 Table showing Economic status and the girl child Education. In an attempt to answer question number (7 .A) ......................................... 32 4.1.2 Teacher/Girl Child Education ............................................................. 32 4.1.3 Table showing the steps taken by the Government to_improve Girl Child Education and the progress noted .................................................... 35

CHAPTER FIVE ................•........•.......•.........•••....•.•..................................... 39 5.0 DISCUSSION, CONClUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS ........................ 39 5.1 Introduction .......•..••.•••.•••.•..••••.•••..•......•.••.....•................................ 39 5. 2 Discussions ...................•................................................................. 40 5.3 Conclusions ........•..•••••....•.•••••..••...•..•..•...••....................................... 46 5.4 Recommendations ........................................................................... 48 5.5 AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ..•.......•.......................................... 53

APPENDIX ....................................................................................................... 56

Vll

ABSTRACT.

The study was focused on an investigation into the impact of girl child Education

in Yambio Town Payam in Particular. The problems faced by girls while trying to

seek education and the possible solutions to the problems.

The objectives that guided the stuoy were:

• To assess the effect of civil war on the girl child Education.

• To establish whether it is the opposite sex that disrupts the girl child

Education, among others.

The targeted respondents were (5) Head teachers, (30) teachers, (40)students

and (25) parents. The schools visited by the researcher were: Yabongo Girls

Secondary Schools, Comboni parents' secondary schools Naagori, Yambio

Secondary Schools Timbiro Secondary Schools ,Vabongo Primary Schools,

Nakpangau Primary School, Yambio Comboni Primary School, Nabema Primary

School, Mangbondo Primary School while others though targeted, were not

visited due to factors Beyond the researcher's control.

The research was carried out in Yambio Town Payam, Yambio County, Western

Equatorial State, Southern Sudan.

The research finding held both the Businessmen, Parents, Teachers and students

themselves responsible for the poor performance/dropout of girls in Yambio

Payam as it is fully explained in chapter four and five.

These were some of the recommendations:

• Teachers are advised to upgrade or go for in service trainings in order to

become modernized

• Government is called upon to tighten the laws in order to curb defilement

cases.

• The Government should introduce vocational training schools and

sensitized people about the need for Girl Child Education

IX However, the civil war in southern Sudan started in January, 1956, when the

black Christians revolted against the Khartoum Arab government. This first phase

of the civil war ended in 1972, following the signing of the Addis Ababa

agreement , this had an impact on the girls education in that, most of the girls

were captured, raped, tortured and denied the chance of education. This

followed a fresh war that began in 1983, under the leadership of(late) Doctor

John Garang De Mabior against the government of the North, this civil war ended

in January, 9th 2004. Therefore, having looked at the civil wars in general, then southern Sudan in

particular, the effects of civil wars on the girls education are paramount for

instance, according to the UNICEF report (2004) it is estimated that, out of ten

women in southern Sudan, only one can write and read. This means, southern

Sudan champions to be the worst area suffering from illiteracy ( source: UNICEF

Report 2004, Geneva) Finally, according to the above report, Yambio Town county has an estimated

population of one hundred thousand people [100,000] majority are women and

children. But there is only one girl's secondary school and primary school.

Yambio County, the percentage of the girl who go to school is less than 30%

therefore, the long civil war has a great impact among the Azande girls

education system.

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