Assessment of Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Care Attendance Among Pregnant Women at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka Bushenyi

Table of Contents

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................. iii

DEDICATION.......................................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................................v

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………..….Vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS ........................................................................................... x

CHAPTER ONE..................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Problem statement .........................................................................................................................3

1.3 Purpose of the study.......................................................................................................................3

1.4 Specific objectives.........................................................................................................................3

1.5 Research questions.........................................................................................................................4

1.6 Significance of the study................................................................................................................4

1.7 Conceptual framework...................................................................................................................5

1.8 Scope of the study..........................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER TWO.................................................................................................................................7

LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................................7

2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................7

2.2 Maternal Education........................................................................................................................7

2.3 Family size ....................................................................................................................................7

2.4 Religion.........................................................................................................................................7

2.5 Socio-economic conditions ............................................................................................................8

2.6 Attitude of health workers..............................................................................................................8

2.7 Cultural beliefs ..............................................................................................................................8

2.8 Accessibility of antenatal care services...........................................................................................8

2.9 Inadequate knowledge....................................................................................................................8

2.1.0 Social and Cultural support .........................................................................................................9

2.1.2 Age.............................................................................................................................................9

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2.1.3 Intention to get pregnant .............................................................................................................9

2.1.4 Husbands level of education........................................................................................................9

CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................... 11

METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................................ 11

3.1 Study design ................................................................................................................................ 11

3.2 Study population.......................................................................................................................... 11

3.3 Study site..................................................................................................................................... 11

3.4 Sample size determination ........................................................................................................... 11

3.5 Inclusion and exclusion criteria. ................................................................................................... 12

3.6 Inclusion criteria .......................................................................................................................... 12

3.7 Exclusion criteria ......................................................................................................................... 12

3.8 Data collection tools .................................................................................................................... 12

3.9 collection method......................................................................................................................... 12

3.10 Data presentation and analysis.................................................................................................... 12

3.12 Study limitations........................................................................................................................ 12

3.13 Ethical consideration.................................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................. 13

4.0 Results......................................................................................................................................... 13

4.1 Social demographic characteristics of the respondents.................................................................. 13

Table .1: Socio-Demographic Characteristics of ANC respondents .................................................... 13

4.2. Characteristics of ANC providers................................................................................................ 16

Table 2: Social –demographic characteristics of ANC providers ........................................................ 16

4.3. Factors influencing late Antenatal care attendance....................................................................... 17

Table 3 (a) responses from early starters............................................................................................ 17

1. Red graph shows response from the ANC providers................................................................... 18

Table 3(b) responses from the late starters ......................................................................................... 18

Table 4: Reasons for late attendance .................................................................................................. 19

4.3.1 Poor Quality of Care ................................................................................................................. 19

4.3.2 Myths and misconceptions........................................................................................................ 20

4.3.3 Traditional Beliefs and Practices............................................................................................... 21

4.3.4 Financial Difficulties................................................................................................................. 22

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4.3.5. Alternatives to ANC................................................................................................................. 23

4.3.6. Ignorance................................................................................................................................. 23

4.3.7 Age........................................................................................................................................... 24

4.4. Knowledge of mothers about benefits of attending ANC early..................................................... 24

4.5. Traditional Birth Attendants........................................................................................................ 24

4.6. Distances to ANC health facilities. .............................................................................................. 25

4.7. The mode and means of transport used by ANC attendees........................................................... 25

CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................................... 27

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 27

5.1 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................. 27

5.1.1 Alternatives to ANC at KIU- teaching hospital.......................................................................... 27

5.1.2 Antenatal Care late attendance .................................................................................................. 27

5.1.3 Respondents recommendations on how to improve ANC utilization at KIU-teaching hospital. .. 30

5.2 Conclusions................................................................................................................................. 31

5.3 Recommendations........................................................................................................................ 32

References......................................................................................................................................... 34

APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................... 39

APPENDIX 1: Consent form .............................................................................................................. 39

APENDIX II: Questionnaire ........................................................................................................... 40