Carbon Capture and Storage Utilisation in Curbing Climate Crises: A Case Study in the K.A.S.O.D. Upstream Oil and Gas Industry

ABSTRACT 

Carbon capture is at the heart of the universe so long as curbing global warming is involved. The temperature of the planet is rising daily, but happily, everyone is working to improve it from their own perspective. The process of sequestering vast amounts of CO2, the main component of greenhouse gases, beneath the Earth's surface is known as carbon dioxide sequestration. 

The K.A.S.O.D. Onshore Oilfield after it was discovered as a prospect for the production of oil and gas has been a busy field being exploited for its richness. It has been in existence since 1960 and started actual production in 1979. As a conscious effort to dealing with global warming, the operators of this field have laid down procedures to capture the CO2 in flue gases and use this captured carbon in CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery. 

The Aspen HYSYS software has been used in the carbon capturing endeavour with Methyl diethanolamine as the solvent for the extraction of the CO2. An amount of 8MMMScf of CO2 has envisaged to be captured by this process. The Computer Modelling Group (CMG) Software was used to model a reservoir where this supposedly captured CO2 was used in Enhanced Oil Recovery. This activity was revealed to have the potential of recovering up to 17% of the total 20MMMbbl estimated to be recoverable out of the 45MMMbbl of oil originally in place. 

Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection was first deployed to re-pressurize the reservoir before the CO2 was injected. The assumptions used in this project have been well established to mimic that of an actual field. The miscible CO2 EOR is a proven technology which will not only recover oil but also reduce to the barest minimum the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere− those emissions championed by the activities of the K.A.S.O.D. upstream sector.  

TABLE OF CONTENT 

DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………………....3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………..4 

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………….8 LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………....…9 

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………. …. 10 

CHAPTER 1…………………………………………………………………………………………..11 

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………….....11 

1.1 Study’s Background………………………………………………………………………….11 

1.2 Problem Statement of Research Work…………………………………………………….....13 

1.3 Objectives of Study…………………………………………………………………..………14 

1.4  Work’s Scope…………………………………………………………………………..……14 

1.5 Importance of the Study………………………………………………………..…………….14 

 CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………………………….…….……...15 

LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………….…….……15 

2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….……….15 

2.2 Sources of Carbon Dioxide Emissions……………………………………………….……...15 

2.3 Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Technology…………………………...………..….16 

2.4 Advancement of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology…………………………..…..…16 

2.5 Carbon Dioxide Transportation……………………………………………………..…….....17 

2.6 Carbon Dioxide Storage…………………………………………………………….….…....17 

2.7 The Use of Carbon Dioxide in biological conversions, in plastics, etc………………....…..18 

2.8 Some Successful Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Projects……………………………...….18 

2.8.1 The Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection Project of Australia……………………......19 

2.8.2 The Oil Field of Agbami Miscible Natural Gas Injection Project of Nigeria……....20 

2.9 Carbon Dioxide Injection Project…………………………………………………………...21 

2.10 Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Storage Challenges………………....21 

2.11 Economic Assessment of the Carbon Capture Technology……………………..…22 

CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………………………………………23 

METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………..23 

       3.1 Introduction and Aim……………………………………………………………………......23 

       3.2 Description of K.A.S.O.D. Onshore Oilfield……………………………………...….….….23 

       3.3 The ASPEN HYSYS for Carbon Capture………………………………………………..…23 

             3.4.1 The Reservoir Modelling of the K.A.S.O.D Using the CMG Software...…………….28 CHAPTER 4………………………………………………………………………………………….31 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………………………………………………….31 

   4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...31 

  4.2 Results and Discussion Emanated from CO2 Capture from Flue Gas……………………...31 

 4.3 Results and Discussion Emanated from CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery……………………..34 

CHAPTER 5………………………………………………………………………………………….34 

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………...37 

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………….38 

APPENDICES…………………………………