ABSTRACT
In this work, we designed and constructed a digital counter circuit. The initial design criteria for the project were: to have a two digit output, to have the circuit count from 0-99, to include either a 555 timer or manual counter. Research was conducted into similar analogue electronic circuits and a suitable point of a digital die was identified. The digital counter circuit was designed using BCD 4506 binary counters and 7-segment display outputs. The circuit was modeled using proteus, which showed that the concept used in the design was okay. The circuit was then implemented and tested on a bread board before transferring it to a mother board. There are two modes of operation of the circuit: through manual switch which increments on its push, and through a 555 clock which increments automatically. In the end we were able to design and construct a two-digit, digital counter that was able to count between 0-99 using a 4026IC, shadow sensor and a 555 timer. The input clock pulses were from shadow sensors. We also discovered that the counter could be used to count many real world events; in different sectors.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title pagei
Certificationii
Dedicationiii
Acknowledgementiv
Abstractv
Table of contentvi
List of tablesix
List of figuresx
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Types of circuit2
1.2 Purpose of design 4
1.3 Scope of the study 5
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review6
2.1 Electron counters6
2.1.1 Asynchronous (RIPPLE) Counter8
2.1.2 Synchronous Counter11
2.1.3 Decade counter13
2.1.4 Ring Counter14
2.1.5 Johnson Counter16
2.2 Computer Science Counters17
2.3 Web counter18
2.4 Computer based counters19
2.5 Mechanical Counters19
2.6 Microcontrollers 21
CHAPTER THREE
Design and construction of a two digit digital counter 24
3.1 Design Work24
3.1.1 Circuit Description35
3.1.2 Software Design36
3.2 Working Principle39
3.3 Working of the Circuit 41
3.3 The Construction Work42
CHAPTER FOUR
Tests and Application45
4.1 Test 45
4.2 Applications46
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion, Suggestion For Further Research
And Conclusion49
5.1 Discussion49
5.2 Suggestions for Further Research51
5.3 Conclusion52
REFERENCES54