DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION (A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA STATE OF NIGERIA)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS         v


LIST OF TABLES….xi


LIST OF GRAPHS .xiii


ABSTRACT………xiv

Abstract
This is a study of the principles and guidelines that should be adopted in
implementing technical education in Kaduna state. To carry out the study, four
research questions and four hypotheses were formulated. To collect relevant
data from the target population, Questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was
administered through research assistance in 12 inspectorate divisions. The
population made up of 44 School Administrators and 66 vocational Teachers
randomly selected. Percentages, Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer
research questions. While Chi-Square and ANOVA statistics were employed to test
the null hypothesis at 0.5, level of significant. The choice of inclusion of
graphical statistical operations is to avoid the overlooking of some important
findings by the reader. A correlation of Principals data (that are non vocational
teachers) to the five groups of vocational teachers yielded a positive
correlation of +0.957. This shows the acceptability of the suggested reform in
the secondary schools if implemented. The study revealed, three major elements
help student learn i.e. the teaching methodology, location of technical subject
and evolutional modal adopted. It is recommended that Kaduna state government
should increase practical skill development in school. The knowledge and
ability of teaching staff/instructors should also be improved. The ability, to
arouse curiosity and make learning environments stimulating help encourage
students’ interest in technical subjects.

TABLE OF CONTENT               page


CHAPTER 1


INTRODUCTION …………….1


 Background of the study………....1


Statement of the problem………....3


Purpose of the study………….......4


Research Questions………………4


Hypothesis………………………..5


Significance of the study…………..6


Definition of terms………………...7


CHAPTER 2





REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…8


Introduction of Vocational Education in Nigeria…10


Social (culture Wars) and Modal Development Decisions for Vocational

Education..13


Problems Associated with Teaching of Vocational [Technical] Subjects…….14


Schools, Teachers and Society……….14


Financing Vocational Technical Education...........16


Equipment and Space…………………18


Training of Vocational Technical Teachers...............19


Evaluation of Vocational (Technical) Education........22


Summary of review of Literature…….25


CHAPTER 3


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…26


Design of Study…26


Area of Study…..27


Population of the Study.28


Sample and Sampling Technique.29


Instrument for Data Collection...29


Validation of the Instrument.30


Reliability of Instrument .30


Administration of the Instrument.............31


Method of Data Analysis…31


Decision rule …32


CHAPTER 4


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS….33


Testing of Hypothesis.........54


Summary of Findings 59


Discussions of Findings.63


CHAPTER 5


SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS


Re-statement of the Problems….69


Summary of Procedure Use...….70


Principal Findings……………...71


Conclusions………………..….72


Implication of the Study……….73


Recommendation…………...…74


Suggestions for Further Research.75


REFERENCES……77





APPENDICES


Appendix A. Letter To The Honourable Commissioner Ministry Of Education, Kaduna

State. 81


Appendix B. Letter Of Ientroduction…82


Appendix C. Questionnaire………….84


Appendix D. BORISHADE/ATIKU Press Release On Technical Education….90


Appendix E.ASUU (2002) Communiqué....91


Appendix F. ASUU (2003) Press Conference……92


Appendix G. Theories of Principles of Vocational Education……….....94


Appendix H. Statistical Formulae And Calculations For Testing Of 

Hypotheses Developed…95


Appendix I. Multiple Regressions On Calculated Prediction On Data..99


Appendix J. Acceptances View Graphical Resonated: Of 110, Respondent On

Districts Allocation


                  

 System For Technical Education In Secondary Schools …101


Appendix H. The Whole 110 respondent on Likert scale on Methodology Allocation

and Evaluation,


                     

 to be Adopted………………...…....102.





LIST OF TABLES


 Table                                                                 Page




1. Government secondary schools in Kaduna state as at 2001.and economic

activities within each


     inspectorate.….....27


 2. Population of the study………………..28


3. Commonly vocational subjects taught…....34


4. Vocational teachers’ availability…….......35


5. Teachers Industrial experience….35


6. Schools’ workshop/laboratory availability….36


7. Industrial visits by students...…36


8. Availability of organization/industry at 50 km radius........36


9. Related science core subjects in secondary schools to vocational

education……..38


10 School Administrators Mean Rating of Teaching Methodology to be adopted for

vocational


       education (ve)……… ...……40


11 School Administrators Mean Acceptances of District Allocation systems for

effective performances


       in Vocational [Technical] Education

(VE)…..………42


12 School Administrators Mean rating of Evaluation Modal in vocational

Technical education (VE)


       subjects...…...….…44


13 Vocational Teachers Mean Rating of Teaching Methodology to be adopted for

vocational education…....………….47


14. Vocational Teachers Mean Acceptance of District Allocation  systems

for effective performances


        in Vocational [Technical] Education

(VE)…………49


15. Vocational Teachers Mean rating of Evaluation Modal in Vocational Technical

Education (VE)


        subjects.………….52


16. Chi-square table of school Administrators and vocational Teachers on

vocational activities provided


         in secondary

schools……………………………………..…...54


17.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the Mean Rating of schools Administrators

and vocational


    Teachers on teaching methodology to be adopted for

vocational technical  education 


     (ve). ……………….……56


18. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the Mean Rating of school Administrators

with vocational


       Teachers on District Allocation

systems for effective performance, in vocation [Technical]


         education...................57


19. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the Mean Rating of School Administrators

(with vocational


       Teachers on evaluation modal in vocational

Technical education……………....…58


20 Summary of ANOVA of Responses by Schools Administrators and Vocational

Teachers regarding


     Their Perception of Expected Guidelines for the

Implementation of Vocational Technical Education


       in Secondary Schools…….59








LIST OF

GRAPHS                                                       

Pages


Graph: 1. Resonated Presentation of the commonly vocational subjects taught in


               

Secondary Schools……...……………35


Graph: 2. Graphical resonated: of respondent on activities of vocational

education at secondary


               

 schools in items 4>8………….………37


Graph: 3. Graphical resonated: of respondent on Related core subjectsto

vocational education at


              

 secondary schools in item 8 ………39


Graph 4: Graphical representation of Cluster Mean Rating forTeaching

Methodology by


             

 school Administrators………..41


Graph 5: Graphical representation of Cluster Mean Rating for District

allocation systems by


               

school Administrators……….44


Graph 6: Graphical representation of Cluster Mean Rating for Evaluation modal

by


               

 school Administrators……...…..…...46


Graph 7: Graphical representation of Cluster Mean Rating for Teaching

Methodology by


              

  school    Administrators……...…49


Graph 8: Graphical representation of Cluster Mean Rating for District

allocation systems by


              

vocational Teachers.……….....51


Graph 9: Graphical representation of Cluster Mean Rating for Evaluation modal

by


               

 vocational Teachers………...…53


Graph 10: Graphical resonated of 110 respondents on District Allocation System

for technical


                

education in secondary Schools………….100


Graph 11: Whole 110 respondents on Likert scale on Methodology, Allocation and

Evaluation,


                

 to be Adopted……….101