Fabrication of Yam Pounding Machine

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                                                               i

Declaration                                                                            ii

Dedication                                                                              iii

Certification                                                                           iv

Acknowledgements                                                                v

Abstract                                                                                 vi

Table of Contents                                                                  vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION                                                           1

1.1    Historical Background                                                  2

1.1.1Major Cultivated Species                                              5

1.1.2 National Value                                                             6

1.2    Problem Statement                                                       7

1.3    Justification of Project                                                 8

1.4    Aims and Objectives                                                     9

CHAPTER TWO

2.0    LITERATURE REVIEW                                                 10

2.1.1 Agronomic Characteristics of Yam                              13

2.1.2 Nutritional Composition of Yam                                  14

2.1.3 Utilization and Processing of Yam                              16

2.1.4 Yam Selection and Weighing                                       18

2.2    Types of Yam Pounding                                                19

2.2.1 Manual Pounding                                                        20

2.2.2 Stirring and Blending Type Pounder                          20

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    DESIGN ANALYSIS, CALCULATION, MATERIAL

SELECTION AND COST ANALYSIS                             22

3.1    Design Analysis                                                            23

3.1.1 Component/Part Design                                             23

3.1.2 Power Transmission                                                    24

3.1.3 The Pulley                                                                    24

3.1.4 Belt Length and Tension                                             26

3.2    Design Calculation                                                       28

3.2.1 Volume of Bowl                                                            29

3.2.2 Mass of (Blade) Beater                                                 30

3.2.3 Tangential Force on the Beater                                   31

3.2.4 Resisting Force on the Beater                                      33

3.2.5 Determination of the Crushing Force and        

Power Requirement                                                      34

3.2.6 Shaft Design                                                                36

3.3    Material Selection                                                         38

3.3.1 Bearing Design and Selection                                     39

3.3.2 Belt Selection                                                               42

3.4    Cost Analysis                                                                43

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0    FABRICATION AND TESTING                                      44

4.1    Manufacturing Processes                                             44

4.1.1 Tools used during the Construction                           45

4.1.2 Operation carried out                                                  47

4.1.3 The Frame                                                                   50

4.1.4 The Shaft                                                                     51

4.1.5 The Sitting                                                                   52

4.1.6 Assembly                                                                      52

4.1.7 Mode of Operation                                                       54

4.2    Testing and Evaluation of Efficiency                            55

4.2.1 Result and Discussion                                                55

4.2.2 Pounding Efficiency                                                     57

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0    CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS                 58

5.1    Conclusion                                                                    58

5.2    Recommendations                                                        59

         References                                                                    60

         Appendices                                                                   63

 

 ABSTRACT

The aim of this research work is based on the design and development of a motorized yam pounder for pounding yam. This research was considered because of the importance of pounded yam in Africa particularly in Nigerian and because of the time and energy wasted using the traditional mortal and pestle method of yam pounding. The research work aimed at eliminating the labour involved in traditional method of pounding. Through this improvement, the possibility of food contaminating by sweating while pounding will be control. This project work sought to design a yam pounder that pounds yam right from the peeled cooked stage in a pounding bowl with the help of an electric motor that transmit power through rotary motion together with the help of shaft. The pounding blades function at the pestle. The machine is to be operated by electricity and it consists of shaft, electric motor, yam beaters or pounding blades, bowl and the frame. Metal Rod for shaft; 0.30mm, Angle Bar for Frame; 40O, Stainless Steel Sheet; 0.2mm, Flat Mild (Pan); 2mm (Thickness), Prime mover; 1horse power, Bolts and Nuts; M8, Belt; V-belt, V-35, Screws; Cap Screw.   Low cost materials were used so as to make the machine affordable for average. Nigerian homes, thereby improving the standard of living. In order to avoid food contamination stainless material were also incorporated for smooth and clean pounding before consumption.