Factors Attributing to The Prevalence of Dental Caries Amongst Students of Bassajjabalaba Secondary School In Ishaka Municipality-Bushenyi District

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................... ii

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................iii

COPYRIGHT................................................................................................................ v

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................ vi

DEDICATION............................................................................................................ vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................. ix

LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................... xii

LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................xiii

DEFINITION OF TERMS ........................................................................................ xiv

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION........................................................................... 1

Introduction................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the problem........................................................................................ 5

1.3 Purpose of the study......................................................................................... 6

1.4 Specific Objectives........................................................................................... 6

1.5 Research Questions.......................................................................................... 6

1.6 Justification of the study ................................................................................. 7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................... 8

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 8

2.2 Student Related Factors Attributing to the Prevalence of Dental Caries................ 8

2.2.1 Lack of oral hygiene requirements; ..................................................................... 8

2.2.2 Sex........................................................................................................................ 8

2.2.3 Age....................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.4 Socioeconomic status........................................................................................... 9

2.2.5 Educational level of children’ parents; .............................................................. 10

2.2.6 Lack/denial of dental health services;................................................................ 11

2.2.7 Place of residence .............................................................................................. 11

2.2.8 Behaviour........................................................................................................... 11

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2.3 Environmental Related Factors Attributing to the Prevalence of Dental Caries.. 12

2.3.1 Trauma/ Cultural practices................................................................................. 12

2.3.2 Schooling ........................................................................................................... 12

2.3.3 Cost of dental services....................................................................................... 13

2.4 Dietary Related Factors Attributing to the Prevalence of Dental Caries.............. 13

2.4.1 Eating sugary foods............................................................................................ 13

2.4.2 Use of vegetables............................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ................................................................... 15

3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 15

3.2 Study design.......................................................................................................... 15

3.3 Study Area ............................................................................................................ 15

3.4 Study Population................................................................................................... 16

3.4.1 Sample Size Determination................................................................................ 16

3.4.2 Sampling Procedure ........................................................................................... 16

3.4.3 Inclusion Criteria ............................................................................................... 17

3.5 Definition of Variables ......................................................................................... 17

3.6 Research Instruments............................................................................................ 17

3.7 Data Collection Procedures................................................................................... 17

3.7.1 Data Management .............................................................................................. 17

Editing......................................................................................................................... 18

Data Storage................................................................................................................ 18

3.7.2 Data Analysis..................................................................................................... 18

3.8 Ethical Consideration............................................................................................ 18

3.9 Study Limitations.................................................................................................. 18

3.10 Dissemination of Results .................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 20

4.1 Socio-demographic Data....................................................................................... 20

4.2 Student Related Factors ........................................................................................ 21

4.3 Environmental Related Factors............................................................................. 22

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4.4 Dietary Related Factors......................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, NURSING IMPLICATIONS AND 25

RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................ 25

5.1 Discussion............................................................................................................. 25

5.1.1Student related factors attributing to the prevalence of dental caries among students. 25

5.1.2 Environmental related factors attributing to the prevalence of dental caries among

students.................................................................................................................... 27

5.1.3 Dietary related factors attributing to the prevalence of dental caries among students 29

5.2 Conclusions........................................................................................................... 30

5.3 Recommendations................................................................................................. 31

5.3.1 To Students........................................................................................................ 31

5.3.2 To the School Administration............................................................................ 32

5.3.3 To the Government ............................................................................................ 32

5.4 Nursing Implications............................................................................................. 33

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 34

APPENDIX I: INFORMED CONSENT FORM........................................................ 38

APPENDIX II:............................................................................................................ 39

APPENDIX III:........................................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX IV: INTRODUCTORY LETTER.......................................................... 45

APPENDIX V: THE MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING BUSHENYI DISTRICT..... 46

APPENDIX VI: MAP OF ISHAKA-BUSHENYI SHOWING BASSAJJA BALABASENOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL........................................................................................... 47