Abstract Dependence on uncertain rainfall and exposure to unmitigated climate risk are major obstacles in efforts to sustainably intensify agricultural production and enhance rural livelihoods. There is generally enough seasonal total rainfall; the challenge is its poor distribution over time and across the season. The amount of water available to plants strongly depends on the rainy season’s onset, length, temporal distribution and cessation and can indirectly indicate the climatic suitab...
Abstract Water scarcity is a slow – onset disaster that does not usually obtain rapid humanitarian intervention, and the group mostly affected is women. This dissertation focuses on experiences and coping strategies of rural women with regards to water scarcity. The main focus is on exploring the impact of water scarcity on rural women and determining the significance the of progression of vulnerability model, progression of safety model and risk reduction objectives as tools for effec...
Abstract In Kenya, there are more than 200,000 farmers who have been trained on organic farming technologies and systems. Currently certified land under organic management in Kenya stands at 104,211 ha while the organic sub sector employs 12,647 farmers who are directly involved in production of different organic products. Although there are many documented reasons that make farmers to adopt organic farming system, economic benefits present one of the major motivations. These benefits howeve...
ABSTRACT Declining quantity and quality of irrigation water are serious challenges facing rice production in Mwea irrigation scheme. As such the aim of this study was to assess the suitability of effluents from the scheme for recycling for the same irrigation purpose within the scheme and areas down stream. Water from River Thiba intake (point 1) and waste water from Kiruara drain (point 2) and Thiba main drain (point 3) were sampled and analyzed for quality parameters thus:- pH, Electrical c...
ABSTRACT Sugarcane farming systems can adversely affect soil properties especially total soil organic carbon stocks (TSOCst) and fractions. This study was carried out in Western Kenya sugar zones to assess impacts of tillage systems (Tractor and Oxen ploughing), and plantation ages (continuous mono-cropping system, more than 20 years, 11 ̶ 20 years, 0 ̶ 10 years) on TSOCst and fractions (particulate soil organic carbon, POC, and the mineral associated soil organic carbon, MOC) in three diff...
Executive Summary Presently, Nigeria is among the nations that are technically unable to meet their food supply needs from rain-fed production at a low level of inputs and appear likely to remain so even at intermediate levels of inputs at some point’s time between 2000 and 2025 (FAO 2002). For the rural areas of semi-arid Northern Nigeria, which experiences significant climatic and anthropogenic changes that have exacerbated food insecurity in the region, floodplain agriculture is criti...
ABSTRACT The food poverty rate stands at 42 percent in Bungoma County; Kimilili Sub-County included. The available animal-based protein sources are insufficient, unsustainable and expensive for the unemployed poor locals. Commercializing the edible insects’ particularly edible winged termite value chain has the potential of improving this situation. The termite value chain is transforming from subsistent to commercial. However, important information to support its commercialization is scant...
ABSTRACT The global demand for fresh water resources has been increasing over the years due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, climate change and the global warming effect. The available water resources have reduced over time leaving a water demand deficit. Recycling and reuse of greywater has been touted as one of the strategies to augment the existing water resources. This study characterized the greywater from students’ hostels and prepared biochar from banana stalks ...
ABSTRACT The mapping of areas in Awka South L.G.A according to their susceptibility to gully erosion was carried out using GIS, with the aid of data derived from satellite imageries, Global Positioning System (GPS), Shutter Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), as well as direct field work. The sites established were Amawbia, Umuawulu, Isiagu, Okpuno, Awka, Nibo, Ifite- Awka. The integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) with Global Position System (GPS), ArcGIS 10.2, Digital ...
ABSTRACT Theeffectsofpackagingmaterialandtheuseofessentiallemonoil (Citruslimon) on theproximatecompositionofsardine (Sardinellamaderensis) wasstudied.Thefreshly smokedsardine (Sardinellamaderensis) werepurchasedandpreservedwith lemon(Citruslimon)essentialoil (Citruslimon) andwaspackagedverywell,theywere dividedintofourdifferentgroups.Thefirstgroupwaspreservedwithlemonessentialoil andwasputinthenylon,thesecondgroupwasalsopreservedwithlemonessentialoil butwasnotputinsidethenylon,thethirdgro...
ABSTRACT: The study assessed the impacts of natural hazards on the environment and agriculture in Nigeria as the cost of negative impacts of natural hazards either on the environment (natural and built environment) or food production is unimaginable. The aftermath of the 2012 flood in Nigeria was catastrophic as over 300 people lost their lives, more than 7 million people were affected and economic activities were paralyzed in a lot of places with huge damage to farmlands, houses and basic in...
There are times when the government, non-governmental organisations and individuals have to quickly intervene and get emergency aid to people adversely affected by natural and man-made calamities. Zambia has disaster management and social protection plans and programmes to quickly address such events. However, they face administration and financial challenges that sometime overwhelm its constrained resources. Therefore, the support of cooperating partners in disaster management to the governm...
The project is mainly on the causes of road accident and the possible solutions..Measures to reduce road accidents was included in this project work
The toxicity effects of industrial effluents of paint industry (at 0, 5, 10. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100% concentration) were evaluated using macroscopic parameters of onion bulb roots and lettuce seeds. In this study the root length and root numbers were the parameters observed for the onion bulbs and the seed growth, average root length and root elongation were estimated for the lettuce seeds. A 96h effective concentration (96 h EC50) gave acute toxicity of the paint industrial effluent at 48% conc...
Wastewater treatment is a technique used to reclaim and reuse wastewater for other productive uses. This reduces the demand for freshwater resources, and further enhance conservation of aquatic habitat, and sustainable utilization of water resources. Concerns for wastewater in Sweden began in the 1930s with only mechanical treatment but efficiently implemented in the 1960s as a result of significant eutrophication observed in open waters such as the Baltic Sea. Although prevailing wastewater ...