Crop Science Research Papers/Topics

Developing Maize (Zea Mays) Populations Resistant To Stem Borers For Southeastern Nigeria.

ABSTRACT Development of maize populations resistant to stem borers depends largely on the existence of useful genes or alleles, which can combine to confer resistance to progenies. Such genes are often available in areas of stress, having been responsible for the survival of such crops over the years. Pink stem borer, Sesamia calamistis (Hampson, Noctuidae) and sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina (Walker, Pyralidae) are endemic in southeastern Nigeria. Damages caused by the larvae of these mo...

Effects Of Host Availability On Seasonal Abundance Of The Fruit Fly Bactrocera Invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White In Morogoro

ABSTRACT Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are listed among the major fruit pests distributed in all fruit growing areas of the world. Fruit flies compete with human beings for food resources by causing direct damage to fruits and vegetables. The damage they cause brings about negative economic and social impacts to man since he depends on fruits for important food nutrients, employment and income. The fruit fly problem in Tanzania and Africa has been aggravated since the invasion of the ne...

Genetic characterization of heat tolerant (ht) upland mutant rice (oryza sativa l.) Lines selected from rice genotypes

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crop and staple food of over half the world’s population that provides 45-60% of the dietary calories. The global climate changes including increased heat affect negatively rice production and other crops resulting in increased food insecurity. The analysis of Induced gamma rays mutations from upland rice mutant lines was done to discover mutations in heat-tolerant genes (HSPs genes). Out of 64 putative heat HT mu...

Effect Of Leaf Harvest And Frequency On Growth, Yield And Quality Of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

ABSTRACT Despite the potential of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties in both root and fodder production, farmers are persistently cultivating local types without considering proper intensity and frequency of leaf removal to optimize both quality and quantity of roots. A study was carried out to determine growth responses of improved sweet potato varieties (Simama, Kiegea and Mataya) following leaf harvests; determine the effect of leaf harvest intensity on sweet potato root...

Evaluation Of Soil Fertility Status And Response Of Maize To Different Nutrients In Selected Soils Of Tabora District

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to assess the soil nutrients status on selected maize growing areas and determine combinations of nutrients to optimize yield. Soil samples were collected from10 villages where maize is the main food and cash crop. These areas were; Kipera, Lolanguru, Itema, Nyangahe, Farmnyamwezi, Malolo, Mpenge, Mawiti, Lyaudusi and Msange. Two composite samples were made from each village resulting to 20 samples. Field experiment was conducted at two villages (Kipera and Ny...

Genetic Diversity Of Tanzanian And Kenyan Adapted Landraces Of Cowpea, Sorghum And Pigeonpea

ABSTRACT Improvement of cowpea, pigeonpea and sorghum can be enhanced by knowledge of genetic diversity available between and within accessions. This variability is the foundation of all three crop improvement programs. A total of 85 accessions as 22 cowpea, 32 pigeonpea and 31 sorghum from Tanzania and Kenya gene banks were used for this study. Quantitative and qualitative traits such as, grain color, grain coverage, seed shape, days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to 50% maturity and ...

Management Of Smut Disease And Analysis Of Nutritional Value Of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench) In Central Tanzania

ABSTRACT Sorghum smut disease is one of the serious constrain in sorghum production especially when seeds are not treated before planting, where grain yield loss of up to 80% is reported in different parts of the world. A study was conducted to increase the potential of sorghum productivity by enhancing smut disease management in Central Zone of Tanzania. The field experiment was laid out in 6 x 4 (Sorghum varieties x fungicides) factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with fo...

Mechanism Of Inheritance Of Resistance To Pythium Root Rot Disease And Traits For Tolerance To Low Soil Fertility In Common Bean

EXTENDED ABSTRACT  The bean root rot disease mainly Pythium spp. is a major problem affecting bean production especially in the major bean producing areas of the Great lakes region including southwestern Uganda, Rwanda, western Kenya, northern and the southern highlands of Tanzania. The problem of Pythium bean root rot appears to be made worse by declining soil fertility, resulting from intensive land cultivation by the small holder farmers. Probably for a more sustainable farming system, br...

Prevalence And Management Of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Using Selected Resistant Varieties In Morogoro Region, Tanzania

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Bacterial wilt disease is a very serious problem for Tomato growers of the Morogoro region. The objective of this study was to identify the status and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum causing Tomato bacterial wilt disease in the Morogoro region. Most of the farmers 71.7% had a farm of less than 1 ha. The majority of the farmers 32% were growing both hybrid and OPV while the reasons for variety preference differed across the villages. Most of respondents 79% were know...

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of introduced sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) Varieties in commercial fields at kilombero, morogoro region

ABSTRACT Nitrogen deficiency and planting low yielding varieties are common problems at Kilombero Estate mill area, and are known to be the major causes of yield decline. An experiment was laid out in split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to evaluate the effect of N- fertilizer on yield and quality of introduced varieties in the commercial farms at Kilombero sugar estate during the 2015/16 season. The main plots were varieties and the sub plots were ...

Efforts Towards The Development Of High Yielding And Stem Borer Resistant Maize In A Humid Environment

ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka to commence the process of developing high yielding maize with resistance to stem borers in a humid environment. The specific objectives were to (i) screen some maize genotypes for agronomic traits and stem borer resistance (ii) estimate some genetic parameters of the genotypes studied. Twenty maize genotypes used comprised twelv...

Assessment Of Physical Quality And Health Of Farmer Saved Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Seeds In Babati And Karatu Districts

ABSTRACT An assessment of quality parameters of farmer saved pigeon pea seeds was conducted in Babati and Karatu Districts in northern Tanzania. Pigeon pea seed samples were collected from 80 households (farmers), 40 from each district; for testing of their physical and health quality status with respect to three post-harvest handling practices (storage, pre storage seed treatment and seed sorting) following ISTA procedures. Results were then compared with national standards of pigeon peas s...

Comparative Improvement In Soil Nitrogen By Five Leguminous Cover Crops At Uyole Agricultural Research Institute, Mbeya, Tanzania

ABSTRACT  The study was carried out on station at Agricultural Research Institute- Uyole and onfarm at Mwandobela during the 2011/12 cropping season. The objective of this study was to improve crop productivity and soil fertility of smallholder farmers through use of five different leguminous cover crops. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase was aimed at determining biological nitrogen fixation of the cover crops. The second phase was aimed at determining the rate and pat...

Cassava Production Improvement Through Staggered Planting For Industrial Processing And Utilization In Eastern And Southern Zones Of Tanzania

ABSTRACT  Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is mainly cultivated because of its starchy storage roots and it is considered one of the most important staple foods in tropical countries. High dry matter contents and starch yields are the most important traits for commercialized cassava starch production. The experiment aimed at identifying suitable cassava scheduled planting, harvesting and varietal performance to maximize starch production across the three locations in Eastern and Southern z...

Banana Xanthomonas Wilt: Incidence, Transmission, Pathogen Characterization And Management Options In Kagera, Mwanza And Mara Regions

ABSTRACT Field surveys were conducted from December 2011 to January 2012 in Kagera, Mwanza and Mara regions to assess the current status of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) disease. Twenty eighty banana samples with BXW disease symptoms were randomly collected from a total of 147 surveyed fields. Farmers’ knowledge of BXW disease was assessed using a checklist, discussions and direct field observations. Isolation of bacteria was done on Yeast Peptone Glucose Agar and identification was done b...


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