Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in HIV sero-positive individuals in many developing countries including Ethiopia. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of TB and immunological status among HIV sero-positive individuals at Kolfe Keraniyo Sub-city in Addis Ababa. The design of the study was a cross-sectional survey involving a sample population of 384 HIV sero- positive individuals who were selected from three health centers. Socio-d...
Abstract: Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It is ranked as the leading communicable disease in Ethiopia; it accounting to 17% of all outpatient visits in 2011/2012.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and association of malaria and anemia among patients visiting Alaba Health Center, Alaba Kulito town Southern Ethiopia. The study was a Health Center based cross sectional survey and conducted from November to D...
Abstract: Urinary Tract Infections is an infection caused by the presence and growth of pathogen anywhere in the urinary tract including a kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Thus, the present study was aimed at identifying the predominant bacterial species causing Urinary Tract Infection, determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from Urinary Tract Infection patients visiting Haramaya hospital and the risk factors associated with Urinary Tract Infec...
Abstract: The ABO and Rh blood groups are the most frequently studied genetic markers in a large group of people. The present study was aimed at providing information on the frequency of ABO and Rh D blood groups phenotypes,alleles and genotypes among students of Enticho Secondaryand Preparatory School. A total of 422 students were selected randomly among the students of Enticho Secondary and Preparatory School. Blood samples were collected by Open Slide Test method from May to June 2018. Th...
Abstract: Despite the fact that the Ebola Virus (EBOV) and Marburg Virus diseases (MARV) are well known zoonotic diseases, most of the existing studies focus on secondary infection (humanhuman transmission) and clinical treatment of the viruses often ignoring the primary source of infection. However, improving our understanding upon the interactions that promote contact among host species and identifying risky areas are important in determining EBOV and MARV transmission and subsequent contr...
Abstract: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out from November2018 to June 2019 in Akaki Tirunesh Beijing Hospital, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to determine the sero-prevalence of HIV infection among tuberculosis (TB) patients with special emphasis on pulmonary tuberculosis smear negative (PTB-), pulmonary tuberculosis smear positive (PTB+), and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infections as well as their association with socio-demographic charac...
Abstract: We propose a mathematical model to investigate the effects of information–dependent vaccination behavior on meningitis transmission. The information is represented by means of information index as early proposed by d'Onofrio et al. (Theor. Popul. Biol., 2007). We perform a qualitative analysis based on stability theory, focusing to the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the related transcritical bifurcation taking place at the threshold for the DFE. Finall...
Abstract: A mathematical model for a transmission of TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection that incorporates prevalence dependent behaviour change in the population and treatment for the infected (and infectious) class is formulated and analyzed. The two sub-models, when each of the two diseases are considered separately are mathematically analyzed. The theory of optimal control analysis is applied to the full model with the objective of minimizing the aggregate cost of the infections and the control eff...
Abstract: In this article, a mathematical model for the transmission of COVID-19 disease is formulated and analysed. It is shown that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation at R0=1 when recovered individuals do not develop a permanent immunity for the disease. In the absence of reinfection, it is proved that the model is without backward bifurcation and the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for R0
Abstract: The novel coronavirus disease has ravaged many health systems around the world and has brought many economies to their knees. In the absence of an approved curing medicine or approved vaccine to date, the major control of the surge of infections is through use of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) and imposing specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) in instances when the disease spread curbs are relaxed. It is thus essential to quantify the extent to which specific NPIs ...
Abstract: Unique severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) prevention measures to distinct age, geographical and community groupings can only be effectively and efficiently implemented with a clear understanding on dynamics of the disease. Dynamics include disease spread, different risk factors and their level of influence and individual attributes that aid the spread. The paper aims at determining the major COVID-19 spread risk factors in Zimbabwe by identifying ...
Abstract: Aphids vector many plant viruses in a non-persistent manner i.e., virus particles bind loosely to the insect mouthparts (stylet). This means that acquisition of virus particles from infected plants, and inoculation of uninfected plants by viruliferous aphids, are rapid processes that require only brief probes of the plant’s epidermal cells. Virus infection alters plant biochemistry, which causes changes in emission of volatile organic compounds and altered accumulation of nutrien...
Abstract: Nosemosis is a parasitic disease caused by microsporidian pathogens of the genus Nosema infecting both the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the Asian honey bee Apis cerana. The disease may adversely affect bee colonies and eventually result in high losses in apiculture and agriculture. We determined the Nosema species infecting honey bees and their prevalence in two islands of the Comoros Archipelago (Grande Comore (GCO) and Mohéli (MOH)) in the Southwest Indian Ocean. In Co...
Abstract: Background: Strategies that involve manipulations of the odour-orientation of gravid malaria vectors could lead to novel attract-and-kill interventions. Recent work has highlighted the potential involvement of graminoid plants in luring vectors to oviposition sites. This study aimed to analyse the association between water-indicating graminoid plants (Cyperaceae, sedges), other abiotic and biotic factors and the presence and abundance of early instar Anopheles larvae in aquatic hab...
Abstract: Background: Therapeutic efcacy studies in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria are confounded by new infections, which constitute competing risk events since they can potentially preclude/pre-empt the detection of subsequent recrudescence of persistent, sub-microscopic primary infections. Methods: Antimalarial studies typically report the risk of recrudescence derived using the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) method, which considers new infections acquired during the follow-up period...