Objective: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the five administrative regions of Northern Ghana to determine the diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) sub/lineages and their susceptibility to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Methods: Sputum specimens were collected and cultured from 566 pulmonary tuberculosis patients reporting to 17 health facilities from 2015 to 2019. Mycobacterial isolates obtained from solid cultures were confirmed as members of the MTBC by PCR ...
Abstract The first description of a disease resembling dengue fever (DF) was in the 15 century slave trade era by Spanish sailors visiting the Tanzania coast. The disease, then associated with evil spirits is now known to be caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) that are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Kenya has experienced multiple outbreaks, mostly associated with DENV-2. In this study, plasma samples obtained from 37 febrile patients during a DF outbreak at Kenya’s south c...
Abstract/Overview Large reductions in malaria transmission and mortality have been achieved over the last decade, and this has mainly been attributed to the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides. Despite these gains considerable residual, spatially heterogeneous, transmission remains. To reduce transmission in these foci, researchers need to consider the local demographical, environmental and social context, and design an appropriate...
Abstract Background and objectives: Kigelia africana is a medicinal plant growing naturally in many parts of Africa. In Kenya, a water concoction of the plant is used to treat breast and prostate cancers. Laboratory data on its anti-cancer activity and active principles is limited, hence no scientific rationale for its medicinal use. This study reports on in-vitro toxic activities of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the plant against human breast cancer cells and phytochemical screen...
Abstract There is limited data on comparative disposition to cervical cancer among HPV infected women in Kenya. We aimed to determine the distribution of HPV infection, cervical abnormalities and infections commonly reported on cervical pap smears among both HIV positive and HIV negative women attending a reproductive health clinic at the largest national hospital in Kenya. A total of 187 women aged 18 to 50 years attending the reproductive clinic at Kenyatta National Referral Hospital in Na...
Abstract Covid-19 was first reported in Wuhan China but has now spread globally with overwhelming impacts on human health and health systems. The disease is caused by the SARs-Cov-2 which is related to the SARs-Cov-1 that causes SARs. There is evidence suggesting that the virus originated from the Rhinolophilid bats and has subsequently undergone recombination to allow for a natural selection for a human host and it is thought that the recombination might have occurred either prior or upon i...
Abstract Brucellosis, caused by several species of the genus Brucella, is a zoonotic disease that afects humans and animal species worldwide. Information on the Brucella species circulating in diferent hosts in Kenya is largely unknown, thus limiting the adoption of targeted control strategies. This study was conducted in multi‑host livestock populations in Kenya to detect the circulating Brucella species and assess evidence of host–pathogen associations. Serum samples were collected fro...
Abstract: African swine fever (ASF), a hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs, is caused by a large enveloped icosahedral arbovirus of the Asfivirus genus in the family Asfarviridae . It has a linear, covalently close-ended, double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome, 170 – 190 kbp in size. Warthogs (Phaecochoerus aethiopicus ), bushpigs (Potamochoerus porcus ) and soft ticks of the Ornithodoros genus are natural reservoirs of ASF virus (ASFV) in Africa. Serological differentiation between field str...
Abstract: Please read the abstract in the secton 00front of this document.
Abstract: Frequencies of ABO and Rhesus (Rh-D) blood groups phenotypes, alleles, and genotypes vary geographically, ethnically and from one population to another. Some variations may even occur within one ethnic group and within one small country. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of ABO and Rh-D Blood Groups phenotypes, alleles and genotypes among students of Lemen Secondary and Preparatory School, South-West Shawa, Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 384 stud...
Abstract: Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Ethiopia ranks seventh among the twenty two high tuberculosis burden countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), particularly pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its associated risk factors among patients visiting Dukem Health Center, Oromiya Regional State. A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of smear positive PTB was done among TB suspected patient...
Abstract: The ABO and Rh (D) blood groups are the hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly in compatibility test in blood transfusion practice and they are the most important blood group system in human blood transfusion and forensic investigation. The Aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among students of three ethnic groups in Harbu Chulule Preparatory and Seconda...
Abstract: S.mansoni infection is one of the major public health problems in many developing countries including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of S. mansoni infection among primary school children of Zegie Peninsula. A cross-sectional survey was carried out and a total of 403 school children were selected from a total of 1946 students using stratified random sampling technique from three primary schools that are fo...
Abstract: Malaria is one of the major public health problems in many tropical and subtropical developing countries including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the status of malaria prevalence among patients visiting Midakegn Health Center, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, A cross sectional study was carried out from December 2018-March 2019. Health records of malaria for the last five years (2014 -2018) were obtained from Midakegn Health record Offices. A systematic ...
Abstract: Malaria is one of the major public health problems in many tropical developing countries including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite infection and to assess the people's knowledge and practices about the malaria transmission, prevention and control measures in Afdem District Eastern Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was carried out from October to December, 2014. Health records of malaria for the last five ye...