HIV Information Presentation and Behavior Change among Clients Attending HIV Clinics in Selected Sub Counties, Gulu District

ABSTRACT 

This study Investigated about HIV Information Presentation and Behavior Change among Clients Attending HIV Clinics In selected sub counties, Gulu district. The study was guided by the following objectives: i) to Identify the varIous modes of delivery & information on HIV In the HIV clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district; ii) to establish the effectiveness of the various modes of delivery & HIV Information in bringing about behavior change In the HIV clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district; and iii) to assess the limitations of the various modes of delivery of HP! information In bringing about behavior change in the HIV clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district. The study established that radio is the most commonly used mode of delivery of HIV information in selected sub counties, Gulu district (45.8%), followed by television (28.8%) and lastly billboards (18.6). Furthermore, the most effective mode of HIV information delivery was again radio, followed by television and billboards. The limitations of the modes of delivery of HIV/A[Ds information were television (mean 2.57) still limited to a few people, reading is a problem to many people especially when billboards are used (3.11), there is frequency problems to radio users (mean 2.74), there are many people with no access to any media in Gulu, and that many HIV messages are not in local languages in selected sub counties, Gulu district. The study recommended that the need to improve the range of content In radio shows, television shows and billboards, embracing -all aspects of HIV and AIDS namely prevention, treatment, support and care by including such topics as abstinence, PMTCT, Va, HIV testing, TB testing, sexually transmitted diseases, ART, discrimination and stigma, condom use in addition to messages of being faithful. Furthermore, there is need to increase the presence of billboards to include rural areas, residential areas, areas near schools and universities, shopping malls, arid other strategic areas.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECL.ARAT”ION ..ø~u..uu. *ununun~tn.*..nn*.nuans....nøu... I

APPR.OVAL,,,u.rn~nnun.4..usnu#u.,suueu**#.nguu.. ..nn,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV

LISTS OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS .~.......

TABLE OF CONTENTS VII

LISTS OF TABLES ~~xi

LISTS OF FIGuRES. ...~... XII

ABSTRACT. ~..~...XIII

CHAPTERONE:INTRODUCTION~1

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.1.1 Historical perspective~ 1

1.1.2 Theoretical perspective .................~......3

1.1.3 Conceptual perspective 3

1.1.4 Contextual  perspective 4

1.2 Problem statement~5

1.3 Purpose of the study~5

1.4 Objectives of the study~6

1.5 Research questions~6

1.6 Scope of the study~6

1.6.1 Geographical scope 6

1.6.2 Content scope 6

1.6.3 Time scope 7

1.7 Significance of the study 7

CFIAPTER TWO: LrrERA11JR.E R.EiIIEW •m•••••s••••••••e•.....esn..e............m...........8

2.0 Introduction ..... .1.1.’•••’•.. .... ....

2.1 rtieoretlcal reiiiew . .... . . .. .... . .... .

2.1.1 Persuasion theori’... . ... . .... . ... ...... ..... . ..................8

2.1.2 TIie health belief rriodel .. ...... . ..... .

2.1.3 SocIal ccgnitive tliecr~c ........... ........................10

2.2 Conceptual ffrarnevvork ..... ••••••....................................12

2.3 Re~iie.w of literature . . .... . ....... ... ..... .... ... ......... .... .. .. .... ....... .. .. .~12

2.3.1 The various modes of delivery & information on HIV......................................,. 12

2.3.1.1 Radio .......... ........................ ............. ..........................................12

2.3.1.2 Teleiiision . .. .... ... .................13

2.3.1.3 BIll boards ................ ~14

2.3.2 l—lI~! infection .. . ...........................16

2.3.2.1 S~crriptorns of l—iI~! .................. ............ ...................16

2.3.2.2 Causes of l—lI~f . ... . .. ..... ............16

2.3.2.3 T~ests and diagnosis . ..... . ... . ....... ... ...... .. . . . ... . ... ...... ....... .... ...................18

2.3.2.4 Treatment arid drugs .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .... ..... ..... .......... ..............20

2.3.2.5 Coping and stipport ...... . . . .. . .. .................21

2.3.2 The effectiveness of the various modes of delivery of HIV information in bringing about leha,ior change in the hiv dinics ... .. . ..... .... ... . . . . ..22

2.3.2.1 Radios ...... .. . ...

2.3.2.2 Television............ ............. .... .... .... ...

2.3.2.3 Bilhloarcls ..... .....................25

2.3.2.4 Behavior change.................. ............. ....

2.3.3 The limitations of the various modes of delivery of HIV information in bringing about behavior change In the HIV clinics ..... ... .... . .......... ....29

ChAPTER TIIREE: METIIODOLOGV.....................1......................................~....3j

3.0 Introduction. ........ .... ............ ....

3.1 Research design. ........................................

viii

3.2 Population study~31

3.3 Sample Size 31

3.4 Sampling procedure~32

3.5 Data sources 32

3.6 Data collection instruments~33

3.6.1 Interview 33

3.6.2 Focus group discussion~33

3.6.3 Documentary review 33

3.6.4 Questionnaire 34

3.7 Validity and reliability 34

3.7.1 Testing the validity of the research instrument 34

3.7.2 Testing the reliability of the research instruments 35

3.8 Data analysis 35

3.9 Ethical considerations 36

3.10 Limitations of the study 37

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 38

4.0 Introduction 38

4.1 II Demographic 38

4.2 The various modes of delivery of information on HIV in the HIV clinics in selected

sub counties, Gulu district 41

4.3 The effectiveness of the various modes of delivery of HIV information in bringing about behavior change in the HIV clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district 42

4.4 The limitations of the various modes of delivery of hiv information in bringing about behavior change in the HIV clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district 46

CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS, ,49

5.1 FINDINGS 49

5.2 The various modes of delivery of information on hiv in the hiv clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district~ 50

5.3 The effectiveness of the various modes of delivery of hiv information in bringing about behavior change in the hiv clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu 51

5.4 The limitations of the various modes of delivery of hiv information in bringing about behavior change in the HIV clinics in selected sub counties, Gulu district ...............~.52

5.5 Conclusion 52

5.6 Recommendation~53

REFERENCES~,

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 A: TRANSMITTAL LETTER 60

APPENDIX 1BI: TRANSMITTAL LETTER FOR THE RESPONDENTS 61

APPENDIX II: INFORMED CONSENT 62

APPENDIX III; SURVEY ON HIV INFORMATION PRESENTATION AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE AMONG CLIENTS ATTENDING HIV CLINICS IN SELECTED SUB COUNTIES, GULU DISTRICT 63

APPENDIX IV: RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 65