Hyperthermic Treatment of Breast Cancer using Biomedical Antenna

Anatomical variation in the human body presents a complex challenge to design a universal antenna for all. The presence of the human body in close proximity to the antenna also presents a challenge as the near field strongly couples with a lossy medium. Other challenges include design of an antenna that is small in size without affecting its radiation pattern, efficiency, gain etc. In this work design of a biomedical antenna for cancer treatment using voxal parameters for doing SAR (specific absorption rate) analysis using fragmented structures. A parametric model of skin, fat and muscle implantable antenna is to be designed and to analyze return loss, impedance matching, gain VSWR and radiation patterns etc. Biomedical telemetry allows the transmission of physiological signals. Implantable patch antennas are gaining attention and are becoming more of a choice for implantable medical devices that use mostly RF telemetry. In this work, a state of the art design for a rectangular flexible patch antenna array is proposed. The operation band for the antenna is chosen in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4-2.4835 GHz). The tiny dimension of the antenna allows the antenna to be highly flexible and provides excellent results even at extreme bent conditions. For the simulation environment, various models have been proposed; at the end  a homogenous  human tissue model was used, where the antenna was encapsulated at a certain distance from the phantom. CST microwave studio was chosen to design and simulate the antenna. Several performance parameters were taken, such as the operating resonant frequency, the return loss, radiation pattern, specific absorption rate (SAR) and also sensitivity of the antenna when introduced to bending.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Breast Cancer Detection Techniques

   1. Microwave Imaging Technique

   2. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)

   3. Breast Ultrasound

   4. Computerized Tomography (CT)

   5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

   6. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

3. Hyperthermia Cancer Treatment procedure

   1. Tissue segmentation for dielectric and thermal model generation

   2. Electromagnetic field simulation

   3. Temperature calculation

   4. Phase-amplitude optimization

4. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

5. CST M-Physics Studio

   1. Mechanical Solver

   2. Thermal and Conjugate Heat Transfer Solvers

      1. Background Properties

      2. Material Properties

      3. Boundary Condition

      4. Sources and Loads

      5. 3-D Field Properties

6. Literature Survey

7. Inferences

8. Problem statement / Objective

9. Breast Phantom Design Procedure

10. Patch Array Antenna Design

11. Simulation Result

    Conclusion.
    12.