Implementation of Human Resource Policy and Teachers Productivity in Secondary Schools in Tana-River County, Kenya

ABSTRACT 

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the implementation of human resource policy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Tana River County Kenya. The study was guided by three specific objectives; (1) to investigate the level of implementation of human resource policy in secondary schools (2) to investigate the level of teachers’ productivity in secondary schools and (3) to establish the relationship between human resource policy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Tana River County, Kenya. To achieve these objectives, the researcher followed cross-sectional and descriptive correlational survey design where a sample size of 192 respondents were selected randomly and purposively, and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. Frequency, percentage, means and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The study found out that the level of the implementation of human resource policy in secondary schools was generally moderate with an overall means of 3.17 while the level of teacher productivity was as well high (overall means 3.49). The findings also showed that there is relationship between teacher productivity and human resource policy (performance appraisal, training and development, reward and compensation) and both these constructs significantly affect teacher productivity. Based on these findings, the study concluded that the implementation of human resource policy significantly affected teachers’ productivity. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education should implement practicable the implementation of human resource policy so as to maximize teachers’ productivity and efficiency. Educational administrators should be trained and sensitized about the value of the implementation of human resource policy. They should be made aware that pay motivates teachers to perform at their best. This means that to implement a performance-based scheme, administrators should not perceive the process as being expensive and time consuming, but rather, a necessity where performance-based financial incentives do not provide enough incentives for teachers to improve. It is important for employers to know the value employees place in their reward systems and to formulate strategies that address equitable and adequate reward for their employees. In managing teachers, there is need for managers to add variety to teachers existing tasks and their skills in school environment management hence enabling them to participate in decision making.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION...............................................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................. iv

LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background to the Study........................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Historical Perspective ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective.......................................................................................................... 5

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective.......................................................................................................... 7

1.1.4 Contextual Perspective........................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................... 9

1.3 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................... 10

1.4 Research Objectives................................................................................................................ 10

1.5 Research Questions................................................................................................................. 10

1.6 Null Hypothesis ...................................................................................................................... 10

1.7 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................................. 11

1.7.1 Geographic Scope ................................................................................................................ 11

1.7.2 Content Scope ...................................................................................................................... 11

1.7.3 Time Scope .......................................................................................................................... 11

1.7.4 Theoretical Scope................................................................................................................. 11

1.8 Significance of the Study........................................................................................................ 11

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 13

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 13

2.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 13

2.1 Theoretical Review ................................................................................................................. 13

2.1.1 Expectancy........................................................................................................................... 13

2.1.2 Instrumentality ..................................................................................................................... 14

1.1.3 Valence ................................................................................................................................ 14

2.1.4 Effort-to-Performance Expectancy ...................................................................................... 15

2.1.5 Performance-to-Reward Expectancy ................................................................................... 15

2.1.6 Valences of Rewards............................................................................................................ 16

2.2 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................... 17

2.3.1 Human Resource Policy....................................................................................................... 19

2.3.2 Teachers’ Productivity......................................................................................................... 27

2.3.3 Relationship between Implementation of Human Resource Policy and Teachers’ Productivity........................ 32

2.4 Research Gaps......................................................................................................................... 37

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 38

METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 38

3.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 38

3.1 Research Design...................................................................................................................... 38

3.2 Research Population................................................................................................................ 38

3.3 Sample size ............................................................................................................................. 38

3.4 Sampling Procedure ................................................................................................................ 39

3.5 Research Instrument................................................................................................................ 39

3.6 Validity ................................................................................ 40

3.7 Reliability.............................................................. 41

3.8 Data collection procedures...................................................................................................... 41

3.8.1 Questionnaire ....................................................................................................................... 41

3.8.2 Interview .............................................................................................................................. 41

3.9 Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 42

3.11 Limitations of the study ........................................................................................................ 42

CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................................... 43

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA .................................... 43

4.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 43

4.1 Demographic characteristics................................................................................................... 43

4.2. Implementation of Human Resource Policy.......................................................................... 44

4.3 Teachers’ productivity ............................................................................................................ 50

4.4.A Pearson’s correlation coefficient between human resource policy and teachers’ productivity........... 53

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 56

SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 56

5.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 56

5.1 Discussion................................................................................................................................ 56

5.1.1 Level the implementation of human resource policy in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya .............................. 56

5.1.2 Level of teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya.............. 57

5.1.3 Relationship between the implantation of human resource policy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya .............. 57

5.3 Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 59

5.3.1 Level the implementation of human resource policy in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya ....................... 59

5.3.2 Level of teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya.............. 59

5.3.3 Relationship between the implantation of human resource policy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya ...................... 59

5.4 Recommendations................................................................................................................... 61

5.4.1 Level the implementation of human resource policy in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya ................ 61

5.4.2 Level of teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya.............. 61

5.4.3 Relationship between the implantation of human resource policy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools, Tana River County Kenya ......................................................................... 61

5.5 Contribution to the knowledge................................................................................................ 62

5.6 Suggestions of further studies................................................................................................. 63

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 64

APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 69

APPENDIX I: INTRODUCTION LETTER ................................................................................ 69

APPENDIX II LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS................................................................... 70

APPENDIX III CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE................................................. 71

APPENDIX IV INFORMED CONSENT ................................................................................... 72

APPENDIX V: RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS......................................................................... 73

APPENDIX VI: SLOVEN'S FORMULA ................................................................................... 77

APPENDIX VII: CURRICULUM VITAE .................................................................................. 78

APPENDIX VIII: SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TANA –RIVER COUNTY........................... 80