REGIONAL DIPLOMACY FOR PEACE INIATIVES IN EAST AFRICA

Abstract

This is a study aimed at assessing the regional diplomacy effectiveness in the East African region. Special attention has been applied to how the bordering East African states have responded to the resolution of the Somalia conflict using their regional organization IGAD. The conflict has existed for more than a decade with various initiates being used to curb the conflict. It begins with a brief analysis of nature of the conflict and the effects to the neighboring countries, that is, the background of the conflict after the fall Said Barre’s regime that is presided with some concept analysis of regional diplomacy. It further discusses the effects of the Somalia war to the neighboring countries of Ethiopia, Kenya and Eritrea in terms of the terrorist activities that continue to cause havoc in the horn of Africa. Finally, after the discussion on regional diplomacy, it finishes with vital recommendations.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 9

1.1 Background 9

1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Dissertation 11

1.2.1 Research Aim 11

1.2.2 Specific Objectives 11

1.3 Research Questions 11

1.4 Structure of the Research 12

2.0 Literature Review 13

2.1 Definition of Terms 13

2.2 A History of Peace Initiatives and Diplomacy in Somalia 14

2.3 The Role of the State in the Regional Diplomacy 16

2.4 The Model of Coordinated Synergy in Diplomacy 17

2.6 Regional Diplomacy in Human Rights Bill in UN 20

2.7 Regionalism in the International Diplomacy and Rights 21

3.0 Developments and Resolutions from Diplomatic Efforts 22

3.1 Rationale for Diplomatic Resolutions 22

3.2 Developments in the State Governance 24

3.3 IGAD’s Contributory Effort in Terms of Diplomatic Resolutions 25

4.0 Methodology 27

4.1 Overview 27

3.2 Research Design 27

4.3 Population and Sampling 30

4.4 Data Collection Instruments 31

4.4.1 Quantitative Data Collection 31

4.4.2 Qualitative Data Collection 32

4.5 Data Analysis 32

4.5.1 Qualitative Data Analysis 32

4.5.2 Quantitative Data 33

4.6 Validity and Reliability 33

4.7 Ethics 34

4.8 Limitations 34

Chapter 5: Findings and Analysis of the Research 35

5.1 Motives for International Diplomatic Interventions in Somalia 35

5.1.1 Trade Interest: Marine Routes and the Suez Canal Dimension 35

5.1.2 Protection National Territories: The ‘Great Somali’ Threat’ 36

5.1.3 Protection against Battle Spill Over Motive 38

5.2 Top down Security Diplomacy and Its Failure State 40

5.3 The Extent and Effects of the Somalia War to the Bordering Countries 47

5.4 Various Diplomatic Measure IGAD Carried Out towards Conflict Resolution in the Region 51

5.5 Effectiveness of Regional Diplomacy IGAD Implemented 54

6.0 Recommendations and Conclusion 58

6.1 Recommendations 58

6.1.0 Recommendations in the use of diplomacy to solve conflicts 58

6.1.1 Significant roles regional diplomats play 60

6.2 Conclusion 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY 64