SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGES FACED BY LEARNERS WHO ARE INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGED IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MURUKA ZONE MARAGWA DISTRICT KENYA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................ ii

DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... .... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... v

OPERATIONAL DEFINATIONS OF TERMS .................................................................... viii

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. ix

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ x

CHAPTER ONE; .................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the problem .................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Purpose of the study .......................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Objectives of the study ...................................................................................................... 2

1.4. l General objective ........................................................................................................... 2

1.4.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................ 2

1.5 Research questions ............................................................................................................ 3

1.6 Significance of the study ................................................................................................... 3

1. 7 Scope ................................................................................................................................. 3

l. 8 Limitations of the study .................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER TWO; .................................................................................................................... 5

LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Historical background of the mentally handicapped ........................................................... 5

2.2 Definitions of intellectually challenged .............................................................................. 7

2.3 Causes of mental retardation .............................................................................................. 8

2.4 Categories of the mentally challenged .............................................................................. 10

2.5 Characteristic of mental retardation .................................................................................. 12

2.6 Education for the intellectually challenged in kenya ......................................................... 12

2.7 The objectives of the education for intellectually challenged ............................................ 14

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2.8 Social and educational challenges encom1tered by learners with intellectual challenges

learners .................................................................................................................................. 14

2.9 Oral Ex-pression ............................................................................................................... 18

2.10 Written Expression ........................................................................................................ 18

2.11 Reading Comprehension ................................................................................................ 19

2.12 Listening Comprehension Problems ............................................................................... 19

2.13 Basic Reading Skills ...................................................................................................... 19

2.15 Mathematics Problems (Reasoning And Calculations) ................................................... 19

CHAPTER THREE; .............................................................................................................. 20

METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 20

3 .1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 20

3.2 The Research Approach ................................................................................................... 20

3.3 The Research Design ....................................................................................................... 20

3.4 Target Population ........................................................................................................... 20

3.5 SatnpleSize .................................................................................................................... 20

3.6 Sources of Data and Data Collection Methods ................................................................. 20

3. 7 Sampling procedure ........................................................................................................ 21

3.8 Tools and Instruments used .............................................................................................. 21

CHAPTER FOUR: ................................................................................................................ 22

DAT A PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 22

4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER FIVE; .................................................................................................................. 27

SUMMARY, DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................. 27

5.1 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 27

5.2 Discussions ...................................................................................................................... 27

5.3Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 28

5.4 Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 29

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REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 31

APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................... 32

APPENDIX l ........................................................................................................................ 32

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS. TEACHING SPECIAL SCHOOLS

AND SPECIAL UNITS ......................................................................................................... 32

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