The Effects of Poverty On the Environment A Case Study of Kibera Slums In Kibera Sub-Location, Nairobi District-Kenya

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APROVAL U

DEDICATION fl~

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT V

ACRONYMS V~

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.2 Statement of the problem 3

1.3 Study objectives 3

1.4 Research questions 3

1.5 Scope of the study 4

1.6 Significance of the study 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 The causes of poverty 6

2.3 Effects of poverty on the environment 8

2.4 Measures that have been put in place to alleviate poverty. 13

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Study area and research methodology 15

3.lStudyarea 15

3.1.1 Location of the study area 15

3.1.2 Topography and geology 15

3.1.3 Climate 15

3.1.4 Vegetation 15

3.1.5 Population 16

3.1.6 Land ownership 16

3.2 Research methodology 16

3.2.1 Sample size and sample determination 16

3.2.2 Data collection instruments 17

3.2.3 Data processing and analysis 17

3.2.4 Limitation of the study 17

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Presentations and discussions of research findings 19

4.1 Introduction 19

4.2 The causes of poverty 19

vii

4.2.1 Lack of employment .21

4.2.2 Lack of market for goods 21

4.2.3 Diseases and ailments 21

4.2.4 Lack of education 22

4.2.5 Drunkard ness 22

4.2.6 Having many children 22

4.2.7 Poor management of income 23

4.2.8 Idleness and laziness 23

4.2.9 Death of a parent 23

4.3 Effects of poverty on the environment 24

4.3.1 Water pollution 25

4.3.2 Soil pollution 26

4.3.3 Air pollution 27

4.3.4 Lack of basic necessities 29

4.3.5 Diseases 29

4.3.6 Lack of proper infrastructure 30

4.3.7 Vices 30

4.4 Measures that have taken to alleviate poverty 32

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 34

5.1 Conclusions 34

5.1.1 The causes of poverty in Kibera 34

5.1.2 Effects of poverty on the environment 34

5.1.3 Measures that have been put to alleviate poverty 35

5.2 Recommendations 35

5.2.1 Environmental education 35

5.2.2 Informal education 35

5.2.3 Security reinforcement 36

5.2.4 Improve sanitation and hygiene 36

5.2.5 Promote vocation training and education 36

Bibliography 38

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Research Questionnaire format 40

Appendix 2 Observation checklist 45

Appendix 3 Research interview guide 46