ABSTRACT
Water is one of the most important natural resources for all life on earth. The availability and quality of water always have played an important part in determining not only where people can live, but also their quality of life. Even though there always has been plenty of fresh water on earth, water has not always been available when and where it is needed, nor is it always of suitable quality for all uses. Water must be considered as a finite resource that has limits and boundaries to its availability and suitability for use.Inadequate water supply in Arawa area of Gombe has been associated with lack of accessibility and population increase . As population of the area increases with time, competition for water demand also increases which outweighs the supply of water in the area thereby rendering water supply inadequate.Also reasons such as the inability to extract water from sources due to non-distribution of public water supply systems and lack of maintenance of water facilities in the study area have contributed to the insufficiency of water supply.The survey was carried out as a result of the inadequacies in the provision of public water supply in Arawa community. So far, the research was able to dictate the nature and problems of water supply in the study area. The field survey and analysis shows that the problem of water supply in the area ranges from the absence of public pipe borne water which have been related to the neglect of the area by the state water corporation board, poor maintenance of facilities due to lack of funds as well as the rapid population growth of the area.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0INTRODUCTION
1.1STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
1.2AIM AND OBJECTIVES
1.2.0 Aim
1.2.1 Objectives of the Study
1.3SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.4TYPES OF DATA REQUIRED
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.5.1SOURCES OF DATA
1.6 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
1.7 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
1.8 SAMPLE SELECTION AND METHOD
1.8.1 SAMPLE FRAME
1.8.2 SAMPLE SIZE
1.8.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 CONCEPT AND STRATEGY OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY IN VARIOUS LANDUSES
2.1 STRATEGY FOR WATER SUPPLY WORLDWIDE
2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SUPPLY IN NIGERIA
2.2.1 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.2.2BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS;
2.2.3 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.3 SOURCES OF URBAN WATER
2.4 CONCEPT OF WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY
2.4.1WATER DEMAND CONCEPT
2.4.2 WATER SUPPLY CONCEPT.
2.4.3WATER DEMAND IN THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS
2.4.4 WATER QUANTITY
2.4.5 WATER QUALITY
2.5 PLANNING STANDARDS FOR DOMESTIC WATER REQUIREMENTS
2.6 WATER DEMAND/ USE IN DIFFERENT LANDUSE
2.6.1 DOMESTIC/ RESIDENTIAL LANDUSE
2.6.2 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
2.6.3 URBAN WATER DEMAND FOR FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTION
2.7 WATER DISTRIBUTION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
3.1.2CULTURE
3.1.3 VEGETATION
3.1.4 ECONOMY
3.1.2GEOLOGY
3.1.3LOCATION
3.1.4CLIMATE
3.1.5TEMPERATURE
3.1.6POPULATION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 THE LAND USE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STUDY AREA
4.6 SOURCES OF WATER IN ARAWA
4.7 FUNCTIONALITY OF THE WATER SOURCES
4.8 PUBLIC WELLS FUNCTIONALITY
4.9 BOREHOLES(GROUND WATER)
4.10 EXISTING WATER DEMAND IN ARAWA
4.11 HOUSE TYPE
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4.12 DISTANCE FROM SOURCE
4.13 PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED WITH SHORTAGE OF WATER IN THE STUDY AREA
4.14SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
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CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 PLANNING PROPOSALS FOR WATER SUPPLY IN ARAWA, GOMBE.
5.1 PLANNING PROPOSALS
5.2 PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION
5.3 PHASE 1(2015-2018)
5.4 PROJECTED POPULATION FOR PHASE 1 (2O15-2018)
5.5 PHASE 2(2017-2020)
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5.6 PROJECTED POPULATION FOR PHASE 2(2018-2021)
5.7 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.8 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES