World Bank Loan Conditionalities and Politics of Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Nigerian Experience, 1999 - 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i

Approval Page -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii

Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii

Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv

Table of Contents --------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi

List of Tables-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii

List of Figures -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------x

Abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xi

Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xiv

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION -----------------------------------------------------1

1.1 Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------------------6

1.3 Objectives of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------10

1.4 Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------10

1.5 Literature Review --------------------------------------------------------------------------12

1.6 Theoretical Framework --------------------------------------------------------------------24

1.7 Hypotheses -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------32

1.8 Method of Data Collection ----------------------------------------------------------------32

1.9 Method of Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------35

CHAPTER TWO: PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES AND

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA ---------------------------------------36

2.1 The Privatization of Public Enterprises as a condition to assess the

World Bank Loan ----------------------------------------------------------------------36

2.2 Historical Background of Privatization of Public Enterprises ------------------------43

2.3 The Privatization of Public Enterprises in Nigeria 1999 – 2012 ---------------------47

2.4 The Privatization of Public Enterprises and Contradictions of

Poverty Reduction --------------------------------------------------------------------62

2.5 The Privatization of Public Enterprises and Employment Generation in

Nigeria 1999 – 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------------72

vii

CHAPTER THREE: GOVERNMENT FUNDING OF SOCIAL WELFARE

AND PRIMARY HEALTTH CARE DELIVERY IN NIGERIA -------------83

3.1 Reduction in Government Expenditure as a Condition to assess the

World Bank Loan ----------------------------------------------------------------------83

3.2 Government Expenditure on Social Welfare in Nigeria, 1999 – 2012 -------------- 85

3.3 Primary Health Care Delivery ------------------------------------------------------------92

3.4 Current Status and Gaps in Primary Health Care Services in Nigeria --------------97

3.5 Reduction in Government Expenditure on Social Welfare and Primary Health

 Care Delivery --------------------------------------------------------------------------------103

CHAPTER FOUR: WORLD BANK DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

 AND HUMAN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA ----------------112

4.1 World Bank and Developing Economies ------------------------------------------------112

4.2 World Bank Development Assistance to Nigeria --------------------------------------114

4.3 Overview of Nigeria’s Human Capacity Development between

1999 and 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------122

4.4 World Bank Development Assistance Packages between 1999 and 2012 ---------130

4.5 Impact of World Bank Development Assistance on Human Capacity

 Development in Nigeria ---------------------------------------------------------132

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------138

5.1 Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------138

5.2 Conclusion -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------141

5.3 Recommendations --------------------------------------------------------------------------144

BIBLIOGRAPHY -----------------------------------------------------------------------------145