INTRODUCTION Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a type of stem cell with the remarkable ability to self-renew and dierentiate into various cell types of the human body (NIH, 2020). There are two main types of hPSCs: embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from adult cells through reprogramming (Takahashi et al., 2007). These cells hold great promise for biomedical research and have revolutionized t...
