Abstract: Although pesticides have a positive effect on plant health in terms of insect pests and diseases control, increased productivity and improved crop storage, their malpractice impacts on food safety negatively. Pesticide residues and corresponding metabolites are left as runoff to the environment affecting non-targeted organisms like fish, bees, butterflies, birds and other beneficial organisms in soil and water bodies. Moreover, the application of pesticides in non-agriculture activi...
Abstract Background: Changes of land cover modify the characteristics of habitat, host-vector interaction and consequently infection rates of disease causing agents. In this paper, we report variations in tsetse distribution patterns, abundance and infection rates in relation to habitat types and age in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania. In Africa, Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis negatively impacted human life where about 40 million people are at risk of contracting the disease with d...
ABSTRACT Free space optical communication (FSO) is receiving a lot of attention as an alternative last mile wireless communication system. This is because of its high data rate, large bandwidth and easy installation than the traditional radio frequency (RF) and fiber optic communication systems. However the medium through which the signal travels is the atmosphere. This medium is affected by the prevailing weather conditions. FSO is prone to hash atmospheric conditions such as wind, temperat...
ABSTRACT Recently, the advancement of technology and internet contributes to the increase of the network traffic over the globe. It improves digital services delivery over the global network such as online shopping, television, and streaming. However, as digital services become one of the de facto applications over the internet, a number of attacks on them have been increasing which raise security concerns. Some of the major attacks are Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and Flash Events (F...
Abstract. The hydropower resources have become an attractive means of generating electricity to the off-grid network, especially in rural areas. This article assesses the small, mini and large hydropower resources and identified to reach 5.3GW for electricity generation in Tanzania. The technology development discussed comprises of hydro turbine manufacturers, classification and turbine selection. The barriers presented include the presence of sediment in the hydropower reservoirs, financial ...
ABSTRACT This study conducted within southern parts of Rufiji Trough include Lukuliro area which has been potential target for oil and gas exploration since 1980’s years. Within Rufiji trough, the discovery of Wingayongo seeps (onshore) and SongoSongo gas (offshore) attract attention on exploration activities within Rufiji trough. The previous works conducted within Lukuliro area failed to establish traps which are well demonstrated in this study. The structural and sequence stratigraphy f...
Abstract: This paper presents a survey of recent development in Fault Localisation and Service Restoration (FLSR) following electrical disturbance in Power Distribution Systems (PDS) based on distributed approaches. Distributed approaches have been found to fit well in the distribution systems as they have more than one decisionmaking component, and data processing can be done in parallel in individual units that makes it faster and requires less processing capabilities centrally. Recently re...
ABSTRACT There has been a proliferation of base station towers in recent years due to an expansion of mobile telephone networks. This has been accompanied by an increase in the level of community concern about possible health effects from the radio frequency (RF) radiation emissions from antennae mounted on the base station towers. The researcher aimed at measuring RF electromagnetic energy (EME) levels and compare with the maximum permitted limit for general public exposure given by Interna...
ABSTRACT Powerline communication (PLC) is a promising technique for information transmission using existing power lines. Broadband over power lines is the way of providing internet services to customers using high frequency signals integrated in the power wiring. The internet signals are modulated and coupled into the overhead power lines. The signals are decoupled at the consumer’s premises. BPL can be a solution for people living in any rural area where there is electricity, since the co...
ABSTRACT Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile Ad-hoc Network where by vehicles on the road network are able to exchange data. Many automobile manufacturers make vehicles which are pre-equipped with devices such as Geographical Position System (GPS), Radar and Lidar, Bluetooth, Onboard LTE module. Therefore, in the future, Selfdriving cars will be available in many countries and voice communication between vehicles will present many services ranging from safety to non-safe...
ABSTRACT Indoor broadband power-line communication (BPLC) networks with different number of branches, different terminal load impedance, different line length and impulsive noise using OFDM were considered. Earlier investigations have shown that the power-line channel suffers from multipath effects along with impulsive noise. In this dissertation the OFDM system was designed based on Anatory et al model using the impulse responses of typical Tanzania indoor power-line networks. It was observe...
ABSTRACT Biodiesel, defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats, is becoming prominent among alternatives to conventional petro-diesel due to economic, environmental and social factors. Transesterification is the most preferred method of biodiesel production. Knowledge of transesterification reaction kinetic enables prediction of the extent of the chemical reaction (or the conversion) at any time under particular conditions. It is also essential in the optimization of op...
Abstract A study on the flow characteristics in the cross-flow turbine model T15 300 has been conducted. The study was designed to examine the fluid flow trajectory in the turbine and identify areas for further improvement. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was employed and the results were compared with experimental data. The simulation study was conducted at guide vane angle of 20o, 30o, 35o and 41o. The shaft diameter was set at 30 mm, 45 mm, 60 mm, and 75 mm for each head while ...
ABSTRACT Due to tremendous growth of multimedia applications over networks such as the Internet, multimedia traffic causes network congestion, which results into packet loss due to transmission errors resulted by low data transmission reliability. Forward Error Corrections techniques, have been proposed to increase data transmission reliability at the price of bandwidth expansion due to high channel code rates. This is because multimedia files are large in size (in Megabytes), therefore, high...
ABSTRACT This dissertation intends to present various fading problems affecting particularly wireless signal transmission over water and over thick forest and analyze its underlying principles in communication network. The dissertation also investigates various techniques used in practice to mitigate effects of fading over the said terrains. The dissertation is motivated by the fact that mobile companies, Airtel Network in particular, still suffer from fading in their transmission networks de...