ABSTRACT The synthesis of five mono- and five bis-alkynylated derivatives of quinoline-5,8-diones is reported. The intermediate 6,7-dibromoquinoline-5,8-dione was obtained by nitrosation of 8- hydroxyquinoline, followed by reduction and subsequent bromination and oxidation. The coupling reaction of 6,7-dibromoquinoline-5,8-dione via palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling gave the alkynylated products. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed using spectroscopic methods ...
ABSTRACT The abattoir as a meat processing industry world-wide is saddled with the responsibility of maintaining good standards of hygiene in terms of its operation and waste management. Wastes are generated in diverse forms in abattoirs, these include, solid or semi-solid wastes, liquid wastes and gases. If these effluents or contaminants are not adequately and efficiently managed, the negative impact on the residential environs and human health cannot be overemphasized. Hygiene must be ke...
ABSTRACT Land development in the North Central Nigeria seems to be shifting out of the city centre to the fringes. Areas at the fringes that were once described as quiet and serene environment now seem to be characterized by noise, traffic congestion, informal economic activities and proliferation of incompatible developments. Literature has shown that city planners do not take cognizance of the factors responsible for these developments. The aim of the study was to determine the factors in...
Shopping malls are now far more complex in terms of both space and interior operations,dispelling the notion that they exist solely for retail sales. The mall serves as a significant urban development hub and provides customers with shopping, entertainment, leisure,and recreation. Shopping malls have evolved to a closed building envelope as a result of this scale increase, necessitating the deployment of additional machinery to handle the mall's interior heat. Numerous malls in Nigeria onl...
The impacts of industrialization on socio-economic development can't be over emphasized, but so are the negative consequences. This paper examines the health and environmental impacts of Dangote Cement Industry on the physical environment of the encompassing settlement of Obajana, Kogi State. this is often with a view to providing sustainable solution to the negative impact of huge scale industries in an emerging economy like Nigeria. The study involved empirical observation and inter...
Gas flaring is the burning of natural gas and petroleum hydrocarbons in flare stacks by upstream oil companies in oil fields during operations. Gas flaring is the most common source of global warming and contributes to emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (II) oxide (NO) and methane (CH4) which have the propensity of causing climate change and ecological disturbances or destruction. The study assessed the impact of gas flaring on climate change using both primary and secondary data....
ABSTRACT The research topic was “The impact of human activities on wild-life conservation in Kahuzi Biéga National Park in Democratic Republic of Congo. “The main objective of this study was to establish how human activities have affected wildlife conservation in Kahuzi-Biega National ‘ark in the Democratic Republic of Congo “.This study used quantitative method for data collection. It is economical and efficient in data collection. It is used in investigating relationships between...
Abstract: Detailed study of the reasons of flood and impact on the environment in the Sanghar district of the province of Sindh Pakistan. The Flood effects this area very large scale. The tiles downloaded from the USGS from the time period of 2017 to 2019 and the 2020 to 2022. Major focus on the 2022 flood because flood is coming in the 2022 in this area.
Natural pollination and the physical impairments on plant leaves, as well as plant diseases are indicators of the presence of aboveground insects. However, there is less evidence to describe the presence of such insects in Rwanda. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the abundance of the aboveground insect species in Musanze district, in the Northern part of Rwanda. Insect traps were laid in agricultural fields ten sectors of Musanze district; Busogo, Cyuve, Gacaca, Gataraga, K...
Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The combined building materials are: 1.1.1 HISTORY OF KANO CITY 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.7 METHODS OF STUDY CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS 2.2 INDIGENOUS BUILDING MATERIALS 2.2.1 Identified common indigenous building materials in Nigeria 2.2.2 Mud (tubali) 2.2.3 Pl...
ABSTRACT The menace of soil erosion to any settlement is a threat not only to the structures (environment) but also to human life. Soil erosion in Angwa community is a major environmental problem ravaging the community. The purpose of this study hence, is to appraise the impact of soil erosion to the community and real estate development in the community so as to suggest workable soil erosion control measures. Relevant data collected from governmental department that is from State and Local g...
The study assessed the perception of farmers on the awareness, causes and impact of climate change on their farming activities. The study further identifies and describes the various coping strategies adopted by farmers and ways of improving upon them to effectively tackle change in climatic conditions. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, and percentages. The other key technique that was employed to address the objective includes the Chi squ...
ABSTRACT Production of carbon black from novel sources like spent automobile tyre, anthracite coal, furnace soot and graphite rod and subsequent use in the production of offset printing inks has been investigated. Carbon black from these sources were obtained by pyrolysis of shredded spent tyre and coal samples at 750-900o C in an electrical furnace, isolation of furnace carbon black and graphite rod from dry cell, drying and pulverization of the resulting samples. Acid demineralization of ...
Abstract The study area comprised Uburu and Okposi towns in Ohazara Local Government Area, Ebonyi state and it lies between latitudes 60 00’N and 60 05’N, and longitudes 70 44’E and 70 50’E. The area belongs to the saline hydrogeological groundwater basin of Albian Asu River Group in Cross River Basin. Three major outcrops of saline groundwater in the study area are: Umuchime- Uburu lake, Ivu-Ezizo and Amaechi-Okposi lakes. The saline lakes support long production of salts by rural ...
ABSTRACT The study in Gishwati forest Reserve aimed at determining the effect of anthropogenic activities on tree species diversity. Three areas within the forest were described as Disturbed Forest (DF), Natural forest (NF) and secondary forest (SF) in consideration of level of human disturbance. Data collection was done using plot sampling based on enumerating tree species (with a diameter at breast height ≥10 cm) within the forest, and observations to improve on validity and reliability o...