Pharmacology Research Papers/Topics

Clinical Characteristics, Medication Prescription Pattern, and Treatment Outcomes at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Health Care Facility in Ghana

Objective: Neonates are more susceptible to infections, as well as medication toxicities. This study, therefore, sought to describe the clinical characteristics, medication prescription pattern, and treatment outcomes for neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary health-care facility in Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain clinical records, conditions for admission, spectrum of medications prescribed, and treatment o...

Comparative study of aminosidine, etophamide and nimorazole, alone or in combination, in the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis in Kenya

Abstract/Overview 417 patients suffering from intestinal amoebiasis were randomly allocated to 6 different treatment groups in a controlled study in 3 District Hospitals in Kenya. The patients received either aminosidine (A), etophamide (E), nimorazole (N), or the combinations NA, NE, EA. Treatment in all cases was given twice daily for 5 days. Before and after treatment, rectosigmoidoscopy was done in each patient, and stool examination with characterization of invasive (IF) and non inva...

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers

Abstract/Overview Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally ...

Antiplasmodial prenylated flavanonols from Tephrosia subtriflora

Abstract The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Tephrosia subtriflora afforded a new flavanonol, named subtriflavanonol (1), along with the known flavanone spinoflavanone B, and the known flavanonols MS-II (2) and mundulinol. The structures were elucidated by the use of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the flavanonols was determined based on quantum chemical ECD calculations. In the antiplasmodial assay, compound 2 showed the highest activit...

In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of extracts of selected Kenyan medicinal plants

Abstract Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It remains a major public health problem in Africa and is responsible for the annual death of over one million children below the age of five years. The Plasmodium falciparum is the most widespread etiological agent for human malaria and has become increasingly resistant to standard antimalarial drugs. Therefore, this necessitates a continuous effort to search for new drugs, particularly with novel modes of action...

Phytochemical, Cytotoxicity, and Antimycobacterial Activity Evaluation of Extracts and Compounds from the Stem Bark of Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver

Abstract ackground. Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver (Fabaceae) is one of the plants used by herbalists in the East Africa community to prepare herbal remedies for the management of symptoms of TB. Despite its widespread use, the antimycobacterial activity of this plant was uninvestigated and there was contradicting information regarding its cytotoxicity. Methods. Cytotoxicity (MTT), antimycobacterial activity (MABA), and phytochemical screening were conducted on crude extracts (hexane, chlo...

Sub-Acute Toxicity Effects of Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Entada abyssinica on Biochemical, Haematological and Histopathological Parameters in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Background: Whereas the efficacy of Entada abyssinica (fabaceae) extracts against various ailments has been scientifically validated, its safety has not been established. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity effects of methanolic stem bark extract of E. abyssinica on biochemical, haematological and histological parameters of Wistar albino rats following repeated oral administration. Methods: Wistar albino rats of both sexes were randomized into groups and orally admini...

Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytoconstituents, Bioactivities, and Toxicities of Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. (Fabaceae): A Systematic Review

Abstract Background. Many studies have been undertaken on the medicinal values of Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. (Fabaceae). The details, however, are highly fragmented in different journals, libraries, and other publication media. This study was therefore conducted to provide a comprehensive report on its ethnobotany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemicals, and the available pharmacological evidence supporting its efficacy and safety in traditional medicine. Method. We collected data using a...

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST SOME BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS

Abstract: Many microorganisms have the potential to cause diseases for which the human body is prone. The discovery of antibiotics has, however, provided important tools to combat bacterial diseases. But due to the indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases multiple drug resistance has developed among some pathogens. This creates a need for searching new effective and safe antimicrobial therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to test th...

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRACTS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Abstract: Phytochemicals are important as protective and disease fighting compounds. The guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a phytotherapic plant used in folk medicine. It is believed to have active components that help to treat and manage various infectious diseases. The present study was carried out to screen and quantify the major phytochemicals and to evaluate antibacterial activities of guava leaf and bark extracts. Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol solvent. Qualitative analysi...

IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SODOM APPLE (CALOTROPIS PROCERA) AND BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) EXTRACTS AGAINST SOME MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Abstract: Plants have been used for generations as source of medicine in the treatment of a variety of human illnesses. In Ethiopia, many plants are used for this purpose by traditional healers without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. Thus, this study was aimed atassessing the antibacterial activities of crude extracts obtained from different parts of Calotropis procera and Vernonia amygdalina against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aerugino...

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE BARK AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF Croton macrostachyus (Hochst. ex Delile) AND Justicia schimperiana (Hochst.ex Nees) AGAINST SOME SELECTED HUMAN PATHOGENIC B

Abstract: Plants possess a wide variety of secondary metabolites which have been found to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activities. In Ethiopia, a number of plant species are traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases. Among these, Croton macrostachyus and Justicia schimperiana, which are abundantly available in many areas of the Country, are widely known for their traditional medicinal values. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of analyzing ...

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS AND EUCALYPTUS TETRAGONA (R.BR.) ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Abstract: Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tetragona are the species of genus Eucalyptus in Ethiopia known for medicinal values of its essential oils. The essential oil composition of these species may vary due to genetic difference. In this study, essential oil composition and antibacterial activities of the leaves of E. camaldulensis and E. tetragona leaf essential oils were analyzed. The oil was extracted by steam distillation by using Clevenger apparatus and their compositions were analyz...

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF LEAVES AND STEM BARKS OF Osyris quadripartita Decn. AND Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.

Abstract: Plants have been used for generations as source of medicine in the treatment of human and livestock ailments. Ethiopia is also well recognized for higher diversity and uses of medicinal plants in the treatments of diversified human and livestock diseases. Osyris quadripartita and Toddalia asiatica were reported to possess different phenolic compounds claimed to have potential antimicrobial inhibitory effects. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the phytochemical ...

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF LEAVES OF Lepidium sativum, Azadirachta indica AND Moringa oleifera AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Abstract: Plant materials continue to play a major role in the primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many developing countries. Three medicinal plants: Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica, and Lepidium sativum which were traditionally believed to have medicinal values for the treatment of various infectious diseases were investigated for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, streptococcus agalactiae and Shigella boydii. Two solvent types (m...


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