Hans Selye defines stress as the wear and tear of the body. Prolonged stress or chronic stress can lead to the wear and tear of the immune system. In his model, which is known as the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), he described the body’s response to stress in three stages which are:Alarm reaction, Resistance And Exhaustion. The first stage is what stirs the body for fight-or-flight response. The second stage is due to the recurrence of the first stage and if it persists, cortisol (...
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the effect of leachate toxicity on the male reproductive parameters. The research objective was to determine the effect of leachate exposure on body weight, reproductive organs weight, serum level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone, semen variables including sperm count, motility, and morphology of adult male Sprague-dawley rats. Thirty adult male Sprague-dawley rats weighing between 180-250g were used for this study and they were r...
Brain disorders have been linked with heavy metal toxicity such as lead toxicity. Solanum lycopersicum has been reported to be useful in the treatment of brain disorders. However, there are few reports on it's effect on neurotoxicity induced by lead acetate in rats. . This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Solanum lycopersicum (EESL) on neurotoxicity and oxidative stress induced in male wistar rats
TABLE OF CONTENT Cover Pagei Fly Leafii Title Pageiii Declarationiii Certificationiv Acknowledgementv Table of Contentvi List of Tablesx Abstractxii CHAPTER ONE 1.0 introduction1 1.1.Statement of Research Problems3 1.2.Justification4 1.3.Aim5 1.4.Specific objectives‖5 CHAPTER TWO 2.0.Literature review6 2.1.Water 6 2.1.1.Global Water Supply6 2.1.2.Water Supply in Nigeria8 2.2.Sources of Fresh Water9 2.2.1.Surface Water9 2.2.2.Ground Water10 2.3.Wells11 2.3.1.Driven Wells11 2.3.2.Drilled We...
ABSTRACT It is generally known that some types of dust impairs lung function. This study was designed with the aim to access if occupational exposure to wood dust from sawing and plaining of wood can impair the lung function of carpenters in Akim and Akai Efa timber market, Calabar. 40 subjects each for both test and controls were used for this study. The test group consisted of carpenters while the other 40 subjects used consist of 40 blue collar workers who had no obvious adverse occupation...
ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to determine semen quality, fertility, egg hatchability and some biochemical parameters in Nigerian local turkey toms fed diets containing Moringa oleifera (MO), Gongronema latifolium (GL) leaf meals and their combinations. A total of 72 Nigerian local turkeys comprising of 54 males and 18 females were used for the study. The males were randomly divided into 9 treatment groups, each treatment was replicated 3 times with 2 toms per replicate. The treatment...
ABSTRACT The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the most important emerging infections of this century. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) which is a systemic disorder characterized by deficiency in cellular immune responses. Haematological complications that accompanied HIV infections have been documented to be the second most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The haematological compli...
ABSTRACT Colour vision deficiency and colour blindness are synonymous terms describing poor colour discrimination by the visual senses. Congenital colour vision defects are common, x-linked inherited, non-progressive and untreatable disorders. Elsewhere, screening for these disorders are an established practice so that those affected can be advised about occupational preclusions. However, population-based study on the broader impact of colour vision defects is limited. A descriptive crosssect...
ABSTRACT The gastric mucosa defence mechanisms are altered counteractively by 4-aminoquinoline and artemesinin derivatives, yet these drug lines constitute artemisinin based antimalarial combination therapies (ACTs). The study was aimed at determining the gastric mucosa effects of two ACTs (artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine). Specifically to determine the effect of the ACTs on induced ulcer index, antioxidative activity, lipid peroxidation and histopathologies induced by indo...
The purpose of this study was to observe the least amount of acute restraint stress that was needed to produce significant changes in the oxidative stress parameters.Stress may be defined as a complex dynamic condition in which the homeostasis of an organism is disturbed or threatened. Several studies have reported on the effects of stress on the body and on the heightened susceptibility of the brain amongst other organs to the effects of stress. In this study we aim at checking how, and to w...
ABSTRACT Brief Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder in pregnancy affecting 5-14% of all pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life of both the mother and the baby. It is common but its aetiology remains unknown. It is the most common, yet least understood disorder of pregnancy. Despite a steady reduction in maternal mortality from this disorder in more developed countries, the aetiology still remains uncle...
ABSTRACT The research study investigated the challenges of media sponsorship on sport development in Nigeria. To this end, the method used was survey method while questionnaire where administered to the respondents of the study as the instrument of data gathering exercise, the has a great effect in the world of sports. Sports performance and achievement has been the avenue through which great nations of the world exhibit their supremacy over...
ABSTRACT Hippocampus functions have been reported to be affected by diabetes mellitus. Studies suggest that within diabetic rats, garlic (A.sativum) improves different forms of memory that depend on the hippocampus. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of garlic (A.sativum) extract possibly mediated by the Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and glutamine synthetase (GS) in the hippocampus of type II diabetic Wistar rats has not been fully demonstrated. Therefore, the present study determined the e...
ABSTRACT Background: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity, cost, prolonged hospital stay, and greater than 50% mortality rate in abdominal surgery. Among abdominal procedures, open surgical technique has the highest risk of postoperative AKI as compared to the laparoscopic approach. Postoperative AKI is a common condition in laparotomy patients. In patients with emergency abdominal conditions, laparotomy offers the only chance for cure. Various compl...
Rhythm controllers in the brainstem 1. Medulla Dorsal respiratory group – associated with inspiration Ventral respiratory group – associated with expiration. Pre-Botzinger Complex - pattern generator, also ventral 2) Pons Apneustic center – has an excitatory function Pneumotaxic center – can inhibit inspiration Other regions of the brain that can affect respiration 1. Cortex Can exercise voluntary control...