Applied Chemistry Research Papers/Topics

Assessment of Available Phosphates and Nitrates Levels in Water and Sediments of River Isiukhu, Kenya

Abstract Surface water contamination has become one of the main environmental issues of concern and a challenge to the world population, especially in the developing world, that face potable or usable water security. In this study concentrations of available nutrients (PO4 3- and NO3 - ) in sediments and water along River Isiukhu, within Lake Victoria catchment area in Kenya are presented. Sediments and water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along River Isiukhu. Available phosph...

Fish Tissue Bio-concentration and Interspecies Uptake of Heavy Metals from Waste Water Lagoons

Abstract Fish products may be important vectors of human exposure to heavy metals. However the understanding of how heavy metals bioconcentrate in different fish species (sp.) through contaminated environments such as wastewater treatment lagoons is very limited. In this study bioconcentration and Interspecies Uptake of Heavy Metals by three fish species (Oreochromis niloticus, Clarius gariespinus and Protopterus aethiopicus) receiving naturally contaminated wastewater was investigated. Tiss...

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of African Basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaves

Abstract Aim: To determine the phytochemicals in Ocimum gratissimum leaves, their phenolic content, antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity against human prostate (DU145), colon (CT26) and cervical (HeLa 229) cancer cells. Place and Duration of the Study: Leaves of O. gratissimum were collected from cultivated plants in Wakiso district of Uganda. The samples were analyzed at Directorate of Government Analytical Original Research Article Nassazi et al.; AJACR, 6(4): 1-18, 2020; A...

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Five Hot Springs in Eritrea

Abstract Eritrea has a number of hot springs whose physicochemical characteristics are not documented. This study examined the thermal and chemical features of five hot springs located in the eastern escarpment of Eritrea. Field data and water samples were collected from five hot springs namely; Akwar and Maiwooi near Gahtelai, Garbanabra and Gelti near Irafayle at the Gulf of Zula and Elegedi in Alid volcanic center. The water temperatures at source varied from 49.5°C to 100°C while pH le...

EFFECTS OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh AND Croton macrostachyus Del ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN NITSOILS IN BISHO WATERSHED, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract: In the past, Ethiopia was rich in natural resources. As population pressure increased, resources have been exploited greatly. In the study area the need to expand cultivated has led to the removal of well-adapted, nutrient additive indigenous trees. The study was conducted in Bisho watershed, Southern Ethiopia, to evaluate the Effect of Eucalyptus camaldunesis Dehnh. and Croton macrostachyus Del. and distance away from tree trunk on selected soil chemical and physical properties in...

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND SCREENING OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAF EXUDATES OF ENDEMIC Aloe SPECIES (A. pirottae Berger and A. mcloughli

Abstract: The over increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens has driven a global initiative towards the search for new sources of antimicrobial substances mainly from medicinal plants. Based on the existing traditional claim, this study investigated the antimicrobial activities and phytochemical composition of crude extracts of Aloe pirottae and Aloe mcloughlinii. Antibacterial activities of the extracts was conducted on test organisms using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibit...

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF OIL FROM PURSLANE (Portulaca oleracea L.) SEED, LEAF AND STEM

Abstract: Portulaca oleracea L. commonly known as Purslane is a herbaceous weed. Purslane is a very good source of alpha Linolenic acid, which is an omega-3- fatty acid. The aim of this study was to determine the Physico chemical properties and antioxidant activities of oil from purslane leaf, stem and seed with respect of major quality parameter. The oil extraction and oil qualities analysis were carried out in animal nutrition and biotechnology laboratory respectively. The major parameter ...

Molecular dynamics study of 2,2′-difurylmethane with n-propanol and n-butanol binary liquid mixtures

Abstract: Liquid-liquid mixtures are ubiquitous in many natural and industrial processes. Their excess thermodynamic properties are governed by the intermolecular interactions. As such, experimental techniques such as neutron and x-ray diffractions, or computational chemistry methods can be used to probe structure at atomic level. However, they are rather scarce and expensive. Our interest is on the binary liquid mixtures involving 2,2′-difurylmethane (DFM) and n-alcohol, which have been s...

Immunotoxic effects of force-fed ethephon on model organism Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract: Cytogenotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of ethephon (ETF) and a commercially formulated mixture of ethephon+cyclanilide (ETF+CYC), which are used as plant growth regulators (PGRs) in modern agriculture, were investigated by using the anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration (CA) assay in root meristem cells of Allium cepa L. A. cepa roots were treated with 25 (EC50/2), 50 (EC50), and 100 ppm (EC50×2) of ETF, and with the same concentrations of ETF+CYC, for 24, 48, and 72...

Determination of Styrene Acrylic Resin Composition using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT: Styrene acrylate resin is a versatile material with a wide range of applications. It is used in a variety of products, including paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants. The determination of styrene acrylate resin in these products is important for quality control and regulatory compliance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful technique that can be used to determine the concentration of styrene acrylate resin in a variety of matrices. In this study, a...

The Industrial Approach to Chemical Education in Kenyan Universities: A Literature Review

This paper reviews the literature on the industrial approach to chemical education in Kenyan universities. The industrial approach is a pedagogy that seeks to integrate the teaching of chemistry with the needs of industry. This is done by providing students with opportunities to learn about chemistry in a real-world context, such as by working on projects with industrial partners or by conducting internships in the chemical industry. The paper begins by discussing the rationale for the indust...

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles mediated by natural products of Acanthus senniileaf extract for electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic applications: a comparative study of volume ratios

Determination of various chemical nutrients present within food samples using green nanomodifed carbon paste working electrode (GNM-CPWE) is a novel and cost-effective technique. In addition, wastewater treatment in the presence of high surface area green nanocatalysts attracts researchers worldwide. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by using Acanthus sennii leaf extract within three volume ratios as 2:3 (40 mL precursor: 60 mL extract), 1:1 (50 mL ...

Biosynthesis and Optimization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ocimum lamifolium Leaf Extract for Electrochemical Sensor and Antibacterial Activity

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of the Ocimum lamifolium (O.lamifolium) plant. The I optimal coordinate exchange random response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effect of the zinc acetate precursor, temperature, and time on ZnO NPs by designing nine runs. From ANOVA analysis, the significance and validity of the designed models showed that the optimal values of the zinc acetate precursor, temperature, and time d...

Latent Fingerprint Enhancement Techniques

Fingerprint (FP) is a global mark used for personal identification. This study reviews recent latent fingerprint (LFP) enhancement techniques  including metal oxides, multi-metal deposition (MMD-I/II/SMD/Au-ASP), optical, chemical, physical, and physicochemical. Furthermore, analytical techniques involved in identification, evaluation, and determination of pieces of evidence, and perpetrators including the SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, IR/NIR, SERS, SKP, DLS, MALDI-MSI, and TD analysis were also dis...

Stimulating Antimicrobial Activity in Aspirin with Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum Extracts against Multi-drug Resistant Salmonella Spp: A Comparative Study of Multiple Combinations

Factors such as gene mutation and transfer, some inappropriate uses and diagnostics, and the prescription of  antibiotics to undiagnosed patients has significantly led to the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria, which is also  hampering our ability to treat infections. As the declines of new antibiotics, scientists and researchers keep trying to  develop or propose some synergistic combinations of antibiotics with medicinal plants extracts in an effort to boost their  antimicrobial a...


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