Abstract: The present study was aimed at analyzing the chemical composition of the crude extract of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) cladode and examine its suitability for fungal culture media. For this purpose cactus pear cladode samples were collected from Haramaya University campus Model School area. The chemical composition analysis was done according to standard procedures. The growth of five fungal species (R. stoloinfer ATCC 1052, P. digitatum ATCC 2560, A. niger ATCC 1232, T. a...
Abstract: Garden cress is a fast growing annual herb that is native to Ethiopia. Its seeds are rich source of proteins, dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, other essential nutrients and phytochemicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and biological activities of the oils from garden cress seeds and leaves using solvent extraction methods. The oil extraction was done in Soxhelt apparatus using petroleum ether as a solvent. The physicochemic...
Abstract: Traditional medicinal plants have several uses in different parts of the world. In Ethiopia, it remains the main source of treatment for the majority of the population and its livestock. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activities of crude extracts of Solanum incanum, Vernonia amygdalina, Datura stramonium L., and Croton macrostachyus against four bacterial pathogenic species (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Salmonella Typhi...
Abstract: In search of green technology, enzyme production has received much attention in industrial biotechnology processes with the objective of the substitution of chemical processes, with potentially adverse effects on humans and environment. Protease enzyme has been utilized widely in industries to engender a wide range of products such as, detergent, leather, waste management, brewing, meat softening, milk-clotting, food, pharmaceutical, cancer treatment, diagnostics, digestion, viral ...
Abstract: This study set out to assess the determinants of milk market supply and channel choices in the study area of Sodo Zuria district of SNNPR, Ethiopia. The study employed two-stage sampling technique to draw 120 sample respondents. Simple descriptive statistical analysis such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, and multiple linear regression and multivariate probit were used to analyze the data. Based on descriptive statics the major channels identified in the study area were sma...
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to propose and analyze a nonlinear mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of cervical cancer due to human papillomavirus with vaccination. The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamics of cervical cancer and analyze a deterministic mathematical model for the spread of cervical cancer due to HPV dynamics with vaccination. To conduct the study, a deterministic mathematical model system of ordinary differential equation and numerical...
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food security crop in Ethiopia. However, the national average yield is very low owing to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses. Low soil fertility, coupled with limited fertilizer application practice by famers could be amongst the major one of the stresses that may caused for the low national mean yield of the crop in the country. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Bako to study the effect of integrated use of Rhizo...
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at Haramaya University Beef fattening station, to evaluate the effect of maize silage inclusion at different levels on feed intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Twelve castrated Harar oxen of average age 6 years with the initial body weight of 229±1.18 kg (mean+SE) were used for the experiment. The animals were randomly distributed to four treatments each with three replications in a completely randomized design. The d...
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat yield, primal meat cuts, meat quality, and some biochemical bases for tenderness of meat from bulls of Arsi, Harar, Jersey*Horro crossbred, and Ogaden cattle breeds finished on corn silage based diet at Beef Cattle Farm, Haramaya University, Ethiopia. A total of 12 bulls of four cattle breeds (i.e. 3 bulls from each breed of Arsi, Harar, Jersey*Horro crossbred, and Ogaden) with 2.0 to 2.5 yea...
Abstract: The multidimensional nature of dengue virus (DENV) infections, which can be caused by four distinct serotypes of the virus, complicates the sensitivity of assays designed for the diagnosis of infection. Different viral markers can be optimally detected at different stages of infection. Of particular clinical importance is the early identification of infection, which is pivotal for disease management and the development of blood screening assays. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is an...
Abstract: Fermentation remains an important food preparation technique of health, cultural and economic importance throughout the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa, traditional alcoholic fermentation of cereal and non-cereal based substrates into alcoholic beverages is deeply rooted in the society. Although a multitude of traditional alcoholic beverages from cereal substrates are well researched and documented, their non-cereal based counterparts, mostly produced from indigenous, inexpensive subs...
Abstract: Fruit production is one of the fastest growing sectors in Botswana. As one of the agricultural sectors, fruit production is very crucial as it contributes immensely towards income generation and employment opportunities, especially for vulnerable rural livelihoods. Despite all the benefits, one of the biggest hurdles in the fruit production industry is disease and insect pests. Chief among these insect pests is the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bactrocera dor...
Abstract: Botswana is a country which depends mainly on cereal agriculture, done mostly by rural farmers as their major income stream. However, lepidopteran stemborers are a major constraint in the rural farmers’ cultivation of cereal crops. Species diversity and distribution of these insects of economic concern is currently unknown in Botswana. Through a survey, I catalogued the diversity of stemborers, host plant interactions and their associated parasitoids across Botswana. A total of 1...
Abstract: Malaria is considered the main cause of morbidity and mortality in most countries of the sub- Saharan Africa. Though elimination of the disease is a priority in some African countries such as Botswana, there are bottlenecks that make it difficult to achieve such target. Factors associated with the environment and mosquito-vector capacity for disease transmission have contributions towards challenges affecting disease elimination. These are dynamics which have not been explored in t...
Abstract: There is presently insufficient information on the atmospheric microbial level in Botswana, the occurrence and diversity of airborne microbes in Botswana is not well understood. In addition, there is also growing concern in the global spread of antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens that continue to emerge and pose a huge challenge to human health. This study, being the first of its kind in the country was aimed at understanding the occurrence, distribution and relative divers...